Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

• What are the Group 7 elements known as?

  Halogens
• What is the trend in reactivity for halogens?

  They become less reactive down the group
• What type of elements are halogens?

  All non-metals
• What is the physical state of fluorine at room temperature?

  Yellow gas
• What is the physical state of chlorine at room temperature?

  Green gas
• What is the physical state of bromine at room temperature?

  Red-brown volatile liquid
• What is the physical state of iodine at room temperature?

  Dark grey crystalline solid
• How do halogens exist in terms of molecular structure?

  As molecules that are pairs of atoms
• What are the trends in reactivity and properties of Group 7 elements?

  • Reactivity decreases down the group
  • Higher melting and boiling points down the group
  • Higher relative atomic masses down the group
• What type of compounds can halogens form with non-metals?

  Molecular compounds
• What type of bonds do halogens form with metals?

  Ionic bonds
• What are the ions formed by halogens when they bond with metals called?

  Halides
• What type of structure do ionic compounds formed by halogens have?

  Ionic structures
• How do the bonding diagrams for sodium chloride illustrate bonding?

  They show ionic bonding between Na and Cl
• What are the characteristics of more reactive halogens?

  • Displace less reactive halogens
  • Form stronger bonds with metals
  • Have higher electronegativity
• What happens to the reactivity of halogens as you go down the group?

  It decreases
• What is the trend in melting and boiling points of halogens?

  They increase down the group
• What is the trend in relative atomic masses of halogens?

  They increase down the group
• Why do halogens react similarly with non-metals?

  They all have seven electrons in outer shell
• What is the significance of covalent bonding in halogen compounds?

  It allows sharing of electrons
• What is the color of chlorine gas?

  Green
• What is the color of bromine liquid?

  Red-brown
• What is the color of iodine solid?

  Dark grey
• What is the trend in the density of halogens?

  Density increases down the group
• What is the trend in volatility of halogens?

  Volatility decreases down the group
• What is the trend in electronegativity of halogens?

  Electronegativity decreases down the group
• How do halogens interact with metals in terms of bonding?

  They form ionic bonds with metals
• What is the significance of the covalent bonds in halogen compounds?

  They allow halogens to share electrons
• What is the color of fluorine gas?

  Yellow
• What is the trend in the reactivity of halogens?

  Reactivity decreases down the group
• What is the trend in the melting and boiling points of halogens?

  They increase down the group
• What is the trend in the relative atomic masses of halogens?

  They increase down the group
• Why do halogens react similarly with non-metals?

  They all have seven electrons in outer shell
• What is the significance of covalent bonding in halogen compounds?

  It allows sharing of electrons
• What is the color of chlorine gas?

  Green
• What is the color of bromine liquid?

  Red-brown
• What is the color of iodine solid?

  Dark grey
• What is the trend in the density of halogens?

  Density increases down the group
• What is the trend in volatility of halogens?

  Volatility decreases down the group
• What is the trend in electronegativity of halogens?

  Electronegativity decreases down the group