Atoms

• What are all substances made of?

  Atoms
• How small are atoms compared to visible objects?

  They are extremely tiny, even under a microscope
• What do atoms mostly consist of?

  Empty space
• How many atoms are approximately in a 50 pp piece?

  About 7.74 x 10²⁴ atoms
• What are the main components of an atom?

  • Protons
  • Neutrons
  • Electrons
• Where is the nucleus located in an atom?

  In the middle of the atom
• What does the nucleus contain?

  Protons and neutrons
• What is the radius of the nucleus?

  About 1 x 10^-14 m
• What charge does the nucleus have?

  Positive charge due to protons
• Where is most of the atom's mass concentrated?

  In the nucleus
• How are protons described in terms of charge?

  Heavy and positively charged
• How are neutrons described in terms of charge?

  Heavy and neutral
• How are electrons described in terms of charge?

  Light and negatively charged
• What are the relative masses and charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

  • Protons: 1+, mass 1
  • Neutrons: 0, mass 1
  • Electrons: -1, mass negligible
• How do electrons move in relation to the nucleus?

  They move around the nucleus in electron shells
• What is the charge of electrons?

  Negatively charged
• What determines the size of an atom?

  The volume of their orbitals
• Do electrons have mass?

  Virtually no mass
• What is the relationship between the number of protons and electrons in an atom?

  • Atoms are neutral
  • They have equal numbers of protons and electrons
• Why are atoms neutral overall?

  They have no overall charge
• What happens to the charges of protons and electrons?

  They cancel each other out
• How many protons do atoms have compared to electrons?

  They have the same number
• What is the charge on electrons compared to protons?

  Opposite charge
• What happens to the charges when protons and electrons are equal?

  They cancel each other out
• What is the overall charge of an atom?

  Neutral
• What is the significance of the number of protons in an atom?

  It determines the element's identity
• How does the number of protons relate to the number of electrons?

  They are equal in a neutral atom
• What is the charge of an atom with more protons than electrons?

  Positive charge
• What is the charge of an atom with more electrons than protons?

  Negative charge
• What happens to the charge of an atom if it loses an electron?

  It becomes positively charged
• What happens to the charge of an atom if it gains an electron?

  It becomes negatively charged
• What is the relationship between protons and neutrons in an atom?

  They are both found in the nucleus
• What is the charge of neutrons?

  Neutral charge
• What is the role of protons in determining an atom's identity?

  They define the element
• What is the role of neutrons in an atom?

  They stabilize the nucleus
• What happens to the nucleus if there are too many or too few neutrons?

  It becomes unstable
• What is the significance of the electron cloud around the nucleus?

  It determines the atom's size and reactivity
• How do electrons influence chemical bonding?

  They are involved in forming bonds
• What is the relationship between atomic structure and the periodic table?

  The periodic table organizes elements by atomic structure
• How does atomic structure affect an element's properties?

  It determines chemical and physical properties