classification of bone

• long bones are longer than wide and are found in the limbs. They have a shaft called the diaphysis and 2 rounded ends called the epiphysis.
• long bones act as levers and help with movement. They also help with red blood cell production which helps oxygen delivery which improves endurance E.g: in a football match
• examples of long bones are the femur, humerus, tibia, radius, ulna, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges (fingers and toes)
• short bones are short, strong, cube-shaped bones found in the wrists and ankles
• examples of short bones are carpals and tarsals
• short bones have fine/small movements, help with shock absorption, stability, and are weight bearing. E.g: they help with wrist movement during golf
• flat bones are thin and flat with a large surface area
• flat bones provide attachment for muscles and protect vital organs. E.g: in rugby, if you clash heads, your cranium protects your brain.
• the flat bones are the sternum, scapula, ilium, pubis, ischium, cranium, clavicle and ribs
• irregular bones have a complex shape for a specific purpose. E.g: the vertebrae work together to bend your back/spine backwards during a high jump
• irregular bones provide protection (spinal chord) and movement (vertebrae and mandible)
• irregular bones are the spinal chord and the mandible
• sesamoid bone is a specialist bone found within a tendon
• sesamoid bone reduces friction for movement. E.g: the sesamoid bones reduce friction and helps with movement during dance
• the sesamoid bone is the patella