Chapter 3 - Proteins_ Carbohydrates_ and Lipids

• Enzymes


  Biological catalysts for chemical reactions in cells
• Hormones


  Chemical messengers for communication between cells, organs, and tissues
• Structural


  Building blocks for tissues and organs, providing framework and support
• Regulatory


  Control gene expression, protein function, and other cellular processes
• Energy Source (Carbohydrates)


  Provide energy for cells, obtained from digestion and absorption
• Structural (Carbohydrates)


  Form cell walls, provide rigidity, and maintain cell shape
• Storage (Carbohydrates)


  Store energy as glycogen or starch, used for immediate or future energy needs
• Energy Source (Lipids)


  Provide energy for cells, obtained from beta-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation
• Structural (Lipids)


  Form cell membranes, providing insulation, support, and flexibility
• Hormone Production (Lipids)


  Produce and regulate hormones, such as cholesterol and steroids