terminology associated with elevated levels & causes

• • Azotemia is elevated urea
• • Uremia - azotemia combined with renal failure 
• • Prerenal azotemia - caused by decreased blood flow to kidney
  • kidney is functional, but not enough blood is getting to kidney)
• prerenal azotemia can occur because of shock, dehydration, hemorrhage, CHF
• • Renal azotemia - caused by filtration failure (renal failure) and glomerular nephritis
• • Postrenal azotemia - blood gets to kidneys, something occurring afterwards that doesn’t allow blood or urine through
• urinary obstructions that can lead to postrenal azotemia include kidney stones, tumors, severe UTIs