Carbonyls and Carboxylic acids

• What is the carbonyl functional group?

  C=O
• Where is the carbonyl functional group found in aldehydes?

  At the end of the carbon chain.

  The carbon atom of the carbonyl group is attached to 1/2 hydrogen atoms
• In its structural formula, how is the aldehyde group written?


  -CHO
• Where is the carbonyl group found in a ketone?

  joined to 2 carbon atoms in the carbon chain
• In its structural formula, how is the functional group for a ketone represented?


  CO
• What is the common name for propanone?

  Acetone - used as an important industrial solvent and also in nail-varnish removers
• How to name a carbonyl compound?

  Use the suffix "-one" for ketones and "-al" for aldehydes.

  In an aldehyde the carbon atom of the carbonyl group is always designated carbon-1, whereas in a ketone the carbonyl carbon atom needs to be numbered
• Octanal in nature?

  CH3(CH2)7CHO is a colourless, fragrant liquid, one of a number of molecules responsible for the smell of oranges. Occurs naturally in citrus oils, used commercially as a component of perfumes and flavour production in food industries. Researchers have found that the crested auklet, a native bird of alaska emits a strong, tangerine-like perfume during breeding seasons - mating pairs spread this scent over each other as part of their breeding ritual.
• Oxidation of aldehydes: can be oxidised to carboxylic acids when refluxed with acidified dichromate (VI) ions, Cr2O72-/H+

  usually a mixture of sodium or potassium dichromate (VI) and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4
• Ketones do not undergo oxidation reactions. This lack of reactivity provides chemists with a way of distinguishing between aldehydes and ketones