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Jay

Cards (24)

enzymes are proteins with their corresponding structures
enzymes act as catalysts, meaning they lower the activation energy; they are not consumed or changed in the reaction
biological catalysts - molecules produced by organisms; works in humans
enzymes are usually produced in small amounts and many are specific to individual tissues; therefore, elevated enzymes may indicate issue with the tissue of origin
active site - where substrate docks with enzyme
substrate - molecule enzyme acts on
enzyme substrate complex - enzyme and substrate together
hydrolytic enzymes function: adding water to break something apart
products - end result of enzyme reaction
Oxidoreductases - function in oxidation-reduction reactions
E.g. peroxidases, hydrolases, reductases, oxygenationases
Hydrolases - perform hydrolysis
Isomerases - interconversion of geometric, optical, or positional isomers
one factor influencing kinetics of a reaction include the substrate-to-enzyme ratio
if there is an enzyme deficiency in the body, it is often due to a congenital disorder
every enzyme has an ideal operating pH
rate of reaction will decrease when the ideal operating pH is deviated from
increasing the temperature speeds up enzymatic reaction as this increases the chances of the substrate and enzyme finding one another
a rise of 10 degrees will double an enzymatic reaction rate
decreasing the temperature will lower enzymatic activity
allosteric site - where cofactor will bind
steps for substrate and enzyme complex formation
active site has distorted shape in which substrate will not fit
once cofactor binds to allosteric site, conformation of enzyme changes so substrate can fit
end result is successful enzyme-substrate complex
inhibitors include competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive inhibiotrs
Fixed time reaction - reaction is allowed to proceed for a set time and then it is stopped
Continuous monitoring (kinetic) - when you mix enzyme and substrate and several readings are taken over a period of time