Additional Polymers

• What are plastics made up of?

  Long-chain molecules called polymers
• How are plastics formed?

  From lots of the same molecule joined together
• What do polymers make up?

  Most of the things we call plastic
• What properties do plastics have?

  They have useful and wonderful properties
• Why are plastics useful to modern society?

  Due to their useful and wonderful properties
• What are polymers formed from?

  Long molecules made from small molecules
• What is the reaction called that forms addition polymers?

  Polymerization reaction
• What type of bond do the monomers in addition polymers have?

  A double covalent bond
• What happens to unsaturated monomers during polymerization?

  They open their double bonds to join together
• What is the result of addition polymerization?

  A polymer chain is formed
• What is another form of polymerization mentioned?

  Condensation polymerization
• How can ethene molecules react to form polymers?

  Under high pressure and a catalyst
• What does the 'n' in polymer notation represent?

  Any number of monomers
• What is the significance of the diagrams mentioned?

  They show the reaction conditions for polymerization
• What do simplified diagrams show in polymerization?

  The reaction of monomers to form polymers
• What is the main characteristic of the 'n' in polymer notation?

  It can be any number of monomers
• What does the term 'simplified ethene' refer to?

  A representation of the monomer in diagrams
• How do the diagrams help in understanding polymerization?

  They clarify the conditions and processes involved
• What is a monomer represented with?

  Square brackets and bond extending outside
• What does the 'n' in a repeating unit signify?

  Any number of monomers can be present
• What do diagrams showing simplified ethene monomers represent?

  • Simplified representation of polymer structure
  • Indicates repeating units in a polymer
• What is the standard way of representing the structure of a polymer?

  Using a repeating unit in brackets
• What is produced when monomers react in addition polymerization?

  The only product is the polymer
• How does an addition polymer contain the same atoms as the monomers?

  It contains the same type and number of atoms
• What is the first step in drawing the repeating unit of a polymer?

  Draw the two alkene carbons
• How do you modify the double bond in the repeating unit of a polymer?

  Replace it with a single bond
• What should you do after drawing the two carbon atoms in the repeating unit?

  Add an extra single bond to each carbon
• What is the final step in drawing the repeating unit of a polymer?

  Enclose the repeating unit in brackets
• What do diagrams showing a repeating unit inside brackets indicate?

  • Representation of polymer structure
  • Indicates the repeating nature of the unit
• What is the purpose of the brackets in the repeating unit of a polymer?

  To indicate the repeating nature of the unit
• How do you represent the bonds between carbon atoms in a polymer?

  By using single bonds in the repeating unit
• What does the term "repeating unit" refer to in polymers?

  A specific arrangement of atoms that repeats
• What are the key steps in drawing the repeating unit of a polymer?

  1. Draw the two alkene carbons
  2. Replace the double bond with a single bond
  3. Add an extra single bond to each carbon
  4. Enclose the unit in brackets
• What is the significance of the brackets in polymer representation?

  They indicate the repeating unit
• What happens to the bonds when drawing the repeating unit of a polymer?

  Double bonds are replaced with single bonds
• How do you finalize the drawing of a polymer's repeating unit?

  By enclosing it in brackets
• What do diagrams showing a repeating unit with extending bonds indicate?

  • Representation of polymer structure
  • Indicates the connections between repeating units
• What is a polymer?

  A large molecule made of repeating units
• How is the polymer related to the monomer?

  The polymer is made from repeating monomers
• What should you do to reverse the polymer formula?

  Just do the reverse of the process