Hydrocarbons

• What is organic chemistry about?

  Compounds that contain carbon
• What are hydrocarbons?

  The simplest organic compounds
• Why are the properties of hydrocarbons useful?

  They make hydrocarbons really useful
• What atoms do hydrocarbons contain?

  Hydrogen and carbon atoms
• What defines a hydrocarbon?

  Any compound formed from carbon and hydrogen
• Is decane a hydrocarbon?

  Yes, it is a hydrocarbon
• Is CH₃COOH a hydrocarbon?

  No, it contains oxygen
• What type of bonds do alkanes have?

  All C-C single bonds
• What are the characteristics of alkanes?

  • Simplest type of hydrocarbons
  • General formula: C₁₂H₂n + 2
  • Homologous series
  • Saturated compounds with single covalent bonds
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  C₁₂H₂n + 2
• What are homologous series?

  A group of organic compounds that react similarly
• What does it mean for alkanes to be saturated?

  Each carbon atom forms single covalent bonds
• What are the first four alkanes?

  Methane, ethane, propane, butane
• What is the molecular formula for methane?

  CH₄
• What is the molecular formula for ethane?

  C₂H₆
• What is the molecular formula for propane?

  C₃H₈
• What is the molecular formula for butane?

  C₄H₁₀
• How are alkanes named based on carbon atoms?

  1. 1 carbon - Meth
  2. 2 carbons - Eth
  3. 3 carbons - Prop
  4. 4 carbons - But
• How do properties of hydrocarbons change with chain length?

  They change as the chain gets longer
• What happens to viscosity as the carbon chain length increases?

  It becomes less viscous
• How does chain length affect volatility of hydrocarbons?

  Shorter chains are more volatile
• How does chain length affect flammability of hydrocarbons?

  Shorter chains are more flammable
• How do properties of hydrocarbons affect their use as fuels?

  They determine how they are used for fuels
• What are short-chain hydrocarbons used as?

  Butane gas for bottled gases
• What occurs during complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

  Releases lots of energy
• What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

  Carbon dioxide and water vapor
• What is required for complete combustion?

  Plenty of oxygen
• What happens to energy during complete combustion?

  It is released as heat and light
• What is the only waste product of complete combustion?

  Carbon dioxide
• What is produced during incomplete combustion?

  Carbon monoxide and soot
• What is the effect of incomplete combustion on energy release?

  Releases less energy than complete combustion
• What is the environmental impact of carbon monoxide?

  It is a toxic gas
• What is the significance of complete combustion in fuels?

  It maximizes energy release and minimizes pollutants
• What is the role of hydrocarbons in energy production?

  They are primary sources of energy
• How do hydrocarbons contribute to energy needs?

  They provide energy through combustion
• What is the primary product of hydrocarbon combustion?

  Energy
• What happens to hydrocarbons when they combust?

  They release energy and produce carbon dioxide
• What is the environmental concern with hydrocarbons?

  They can produce harmful emissions
• What is the importance of understanding hydrocarbons in chemistry?

  They are fundamental to organic chemistry
• What is stored under pressure as liquids in bottles?

  Hydrocarbons