Cells and Batteries

• What are batteries useful for?

  All sorts of things
• What do chemical reactions in a cell produce?

  Electricity
• What is an electrochemical cell?

  • A basic system made of two different electrodes
  • In contact with an electrolyte
  • Produces electricity through chemical reactions
• What must the two electrodes in an electrochemical cell do?

  Conduct electricity
• What is the electrolyte in an electrochemical cell?

  A liquid containing ions that react with electrodes
• How do chemical reactions affect the charge difference in an electrochemical cell?

  They set up a charge difference between electrodes
• What happens if the electrodes are connected by a wire?

  The charge can flow, producing electricity
• What can be connected to measure the voltage of a cell?

  A voltmeter
• What factors affect the voltage of a cell?

  1. Different metals react differently
  2. The type of electrodes used
  3. The difference in reactivity affects voltage
• How does the size of the voltage relate to the difference in reactivity of electrodes?

  The bigger the difference, the bigger the voltage
• How can you predict the voltage of a cell?

  From information about the voltages of other cells
• What happens if electrode A is less reactive than electrode B?

  The voltage is positive
• What is the voltage difference between two cells with different reactivities?

  It can be calculated based on their reactivities
• How does the electrolyte affect the size of the voltage?

  It influences the reactions and charge size
• What is the voltage difference between two cells with a difference of 0.01 V?

  0.01 V
• What happens to the voltage if the electrodes are connected in a circuit?

  The voltage can be measured
• How does the reactivity of metals affect the voltage of a cell?

  More reactive metals produce higher voltages
• If electrode A is lead and electrode B is iron, which is more reactive?

  Iron
• What is the relationship between the voltage and the reactivity of the metals used?

  Higher reactivity leads to higher voltage
• What is the voltage for a cell where electrode A is lead and electrode B is tin?

  +0.76 V
• What is the voltage for a cell where electrode A is iron and electrode B is tin?

  -0.60 V
• What is the difference in voltage between two cells with lead and iron electrodes?

  0.01 V
• How does the electrolyte affect the voltage of a cell?

  It influences the reactions and charge size
• What is the voltage difference for a cell with lead and iron electrodes?

  0.01 V
• What is the difference in voltage of the two cells?

  0.01 V
• What happens to the voltage in a face cell with Electrode A and Electrode B?

  Voltage is +0.01 V
• How does the electrolyte used in a cell affect the size of the voltage?

  It affects the voltage size due to reactions
• What is a battery formed by?

  Connecting two or more cells in series
• What happens to the voltages of the cells in a battery?

  They are combined for a bigger voltage
• What type of battery does not recharge?

  Non-rechargeable battery
• What happens to reactants in non-rechargeable batteries?

  They get used up and cannot be reversed
• What occurs to the reacting particles over time in non-rechargeable batteries?

  They get used up and turned into products
• What happens once a reactant is used up in a non-rechargeable battery?

  Reaction cannot happen and no electricity is produced
• Can products in non-rechargeable batteries be turned back into reactants?

  No, they cannot be turned back
• What happens to the charge in a non-rechargeable battery once reactants are used up?

  No more charge is produced
• What can be done when a non-rechargeable battery is depleted?

  It must be replaced
• How can a rechargeable cell's reaction be reversed?

  By connecting it to an external electric current
• What is the effect of connecting a rechargeable cell to an external current?

  It reverses the chemical reaction
• What is the result of connecting a rechargeable cell to an external circuit?

  It allows the reaction to be reversed
• What is the significance of using the right words in exams regarding batteries?

  It helps avoid confusion and errors