Circulatory System

• What does the circulatory system carry to every cell in the body?

  Food and oxygen
• What is the role of the circulatory system besides delivering substances?

  It collects waste products for removal
• What are the main components of the circulatory system?

  Heart, blood vessels, and blood
• What type of circulatory system do humans have?

  Double circulatory system
• What does the right ventricle do in the circulatory system?

  Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• What happens to blood after it returns from the lungs?

  It returns to the heart
• What does the left ventricle do in the circulatory system?

  Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
• How does blood flow through the heart's chambers?

  From atria to ventricles, then out
• What prevents blood from flowing backwards in the heart?

  Valves
• What is the function of coronary arteries?

  Supply oxygenated blood to the heart
• What controls your resting heart rate?

  A group of cells in the right atrium
• What do the pacemaker cells produce?

  A small electric impulse
• What is an artificial pacemaker used for?

  To control heartbeat irregularities
• What do doctors hear when using a stethoscope?

  The valves closing
• What are the three types of blood vessels?

  Arteries, capillaries, and veins
• What is the primary function of arteries?

  Carry blood away from the heart
• Why are artery walls thick?

  To withstand high pressure from blood
• What is the lumen in blood vessels?

  The hole down the middle of the vessel
• What is the purpose of capillaries?

  Exchange materials with body tissues
• How thick are capillary walls?

  One cell thick
• What do capillaries supply to cells?

  Food and oxygen
• What do capillaries take away from cells?

  Waste like CO2
• Why do veins have valves?

  To keep blood flowing in the right direction
• What is the blood pressure like in veins?

  Lower than in arteries
• How do you calculate the rate of blood flow?

  Volume of blood ÷ number of minutes
• What is the rate of blood flow if 1464 ml passes in 4.5 minutes?

  $325 \text{ ml/min}$
• What is blood classified as?

  A tissue
• What is one job of blood?

  Act as a transport system
• What shape do red blood cells have?

  Biconcave disc
• Why do red blood cells lack a nucleus?

  To carry more oxygen
• What pigment do red blood cells contain?

  Haemoglobin
• What happens to haemoglobin in the lungs?

  It binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin
• What do white blood cells do?

  Defend against infection
• What is phagocytosis?

  Process of engulfing microorganisms
• Do white blood cells have a nucleus?

  Yes
• What are platelets?

  Small fragments of cells
• What is the function of platelets?

  Help blood clot at a wound
• What can a lack of platelets cause?

  Excessive bleeding and bruising
• What is plasma?

  The liquid that carries everything in blood
• What does plasma carry?

  Red and white blood cells, nutrients, hormones