Cloning

• What can be cloned from plants and animals?

  Plants and animals
• What is a potential problem with cloning?

  Some clones may have potential problems
• How can plants be cloned?

  • Tissue culture
  • From cuttings
• What is tissue culture in cloning?

  Growing plant cells in a growth medium
• What happens to plant cells in tissue culture?

  They grow into little plantlets, clones of parent
• Why is tissue culture beneficial for rare plants?

  It preserves rare plants that are hard to reproduce
• What are the advantages of cloning plants through tissue culture?

  • Quick production
  • Minimal space required
  • Year-round growth
• How can animals be cloned using embryo technology?

  Using embryo transfer techniques
• What is the role of sperm cells in animal cloning?

  Sperm cells are used to fertilize egg cells
• How does adult cell cloning differ from other methods?

  It involves taking a nucleus from an adult cell
• What is done with the nucleus in adult cell cloning?

  It is removed from an adult body cell
• What is the purpose of inserting a nucleus into an egg cell?

  To create a cloned embryo
• What happens to the egg cell after the nucleus is inserted?

  It develops into a cloned embryo
• What is the significance of the electric shock in cloning?

  It stimulates cell division in the embryo
• Where is the cloned embryo implanted?

  Into the womb of a surrogate female
• What is the outcome of successful implantation of a cloned embryo?

  It grows into a cloned animal
• What are the steps involved in adult cell cloning?

  1. Remove nucleus from adult cell
  2. Insert nucleus into egg cell
  3. Stimulate cell division
  4. Implant embryo into surrogate
• What is the result of cloning ideal offspring?

  Hundreds of ideal offspring can be produced
• How often can ideal offspring be produced through cloning?

  Every year from the best parents
• What is the advantage of cloning adult cells?

  It allows for the creation of clones from existing adults
• What is the role of the egg cell in adult cell cloning?

  It becomes the host for the nucleus
• What happens to the egg cell after the nucleus is inserted?

  It is stimulated to divide and grow
• What is the significance of the electric shock in the cloning process?

  It triggers the embryo to start dividing
• What is the final step in the cloning process?

  Implanting the embryo into a surrogate
• What is the outcome of a successful cloning process?

  A cloned animal is born
• What are the advantages of cloning animals?

  • Produces genetically identical offspring
  • Preserves desirable traits
  • Increases population of rare species
• What is inserted into the 'empty' egg cell?

  Adult cell
• How is the egg cell stimulated?

  By an electric shock
• What happens to the egg cell after stimulation?

  It divides like a normal embryo
• Where are the cloned cells implanted?

  Into the womb of an adult female
• What is the result of implanting cloned cells?

  They grow into a genetically identical copy
• What is the famous cloned sheep called?

  Dolly
• What are the issues surrounding cloning?

  • Cloning quickly yields many "ideal" offspring
  • Results in a reduced gene pool
  • Related populations may be more susceptible to diseases
  • Cloned animals may not be as healthy as normal ones
• What could the study of animal clones lead to?

  Greater understanding of embryo development
• How could cloning help endangered species?

  By preserving genetic material
• What is a concern about cloning humans?

  Cloned humans might not be healthy
• Why might cloning lead to fewer genetic variations?

  Because it reduces the gene pool diversity
• What is a potential outcome of cloning many individuals from a small gene pool?

  Increased susceptibility to diseases
• What is a potential risk of cloning related populations?

  They could all be wiped out
• What is a concern regarding the health of cloned animals?

  They may have health issues