Meiosis

• What process produces gametes in cells?

  Meiosis
• How many chromosomes do gametes have compared to normal cells?

  Half the number of chromosomes
• What happens when two gametes fuse during fertilization?

  They create a cell with the full chromosome number
• What is the significance of meiosis in terms of genetic variation?

  It produces genetically diverse gametes
• What are the steps involved in meiosis?

  1. DNA replication
  2. Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes separate
  3. Meiosis II: Sister chromatids separate
  4. Formation of four gametes
• What is the result of meiosis in terms of cell division?

  Four gametes are produced
• How do cells divide during meiosis?

  Cells divide by meiosis to produce gametes
• In humans, what types of gametes are produced by meiosis?

  Eggs and sperm
• How do chromosomes behave during the first division of meiosis?

  They pull apart into homologous pairs
• What happens to genetic material before meiosis begins?

  It duplicates itself
• What is the outcome of the second division in meiosis?

  Sister chromatids separate into individual gametes
• How many copies of each chromosome does each new cell have after meiosis?

  One copy of each chromosome
• What is the role of chromosomes during fertilization?

  They combine to restore the full chromosome number
• What is the visual representation of chromosomes from the father and mother called?

  Chromosome pairs
• How do chromosomes arrange themselves during the second division of meiosis?

  They line up in the center of the cell
• What is the result of the first division in meiosis?

  Two cells with half the chromosome number
• How do the arms of chromosomes behave during meiosis?

  They are pulled apart during cell division
• What is the genetic difference among the gametes produced by meiosis?

  Each gamete is genetically different
• Why do gametes have half the number of chromosomes?

  To ensure the correct number after fertilization
• What is the significance of genetic variation in gametes?

  It contributes to diversity in offspring
• How do the chromosomes from each parent contribute to the offspring?

  They combine to form a complete set
• What visual representation shows the chromosomes from both parents?

  Chromosome pairs
• How do chromosomes behave during the first division of meiosis?

  They pull apart into homologous pairs
• What is the outcome of meiosis in terms of genetic diversity?

  It increases genetic diversity
• How do the chromosomes arrange themselves during the second division of meiosis?

  They line up in the center of the cell
• What is the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

  To produce gametes with half the chromosome number
• Why is it important for gametes to have half the chromosome number?

  To restore the full number upon fertilization
• What happens to the genetic material during meiosis?

  It is duplicated and then halved
• How does meiosis contribute to evolution?

  By increasing genetic variation in populations
• Where are the arms of the chromosomes located?

  In the center of the cell
• What happens to the arms of the chromosomes during cell division?

  They are pulled apart
• How many gametes are produced from the process described?

  Four gametes
• What is unique about each gamete produced?

  Each has a single set of chromosomes
• Why are the gametes genetically different?

  Chromosomes shuffle during meiosis
• What process results in the production of new cells after fertilization?

  Mitosis
• How does mitosis contribute to cell division?

  It creates a copy of the cell
• How many times does mitosis occur to produce new cells?

  Many times
• What happens to the cells as they develop in the embryo?

  They start to differentiate
• What is the significance of cell differentiation in an organism?

  It leads to specialized cell types
• How many chromosomes does each body cell contain in humans?

  46 chromosomes