Reproduction

• What are the two ways reproduction can happen?

  Sexual and asexual reproduction
• What is sexual reproduction?

  Combining genetic information from two organisms
• What do gametes include in animals?

  Egg and sperm cells
• How many chromosomes does each human gamete contain?

  23 chromosomes
• What happens during fertilization?

  The egg and sperm fuse to form a cell
• What is the result of sexual reproduction?

  Offspring genetically different from parents
• Why do offspring inherit features from both parents?

  They receive a mixture of chromosomes
• What type of reproduction produces clones?

  Asexual reproduction
• How does asexual reproduction occur?

  Through mitosis, dividing an ordinary cell
• What is a clone?

  A genetically identical offspring
• What is the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

  Sexual involves two parents, asexual one
• Which organisms can reproduce asexually?

  Bacteria, some plants, and some animals
• What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?

  Increases genetic variation in offspring
• How does variation benefit a species?

  Increases survival chance in changing environments
• What is natural selection?

  Survival of better-adapted individuals
• What is selective breeding?

  Breeding individuals with desirable traits
• What is one advantage of asexual reproduction?

  Only one parent is needed
• Why is asexual reproduction faster?

  No need to find a mate
• What can happen in favorable conditions during asexual reproduction?

  Many identical offspring can be produced
• Which parasite reproduces both sexually and asexually?

  Malaria parasite
• How do fungi reproduce?

  Both sexually and asexually through spores
• What do asexually-produced spores result in?

  Fungi genetically identical to the parent
• Why are sexually-produced spores important?

  They introduce variation in the population
• How do strawberry plants reproduce asexually?

  By producing runners that form new plants
• What happens when bulbs divide in plants like daffodils?

  New identical plants grow from bulbs
• What are the main messages about reproduction?

  1. Sexual reproduction requires two parents and creates genetically different offspring, leading to genetic variation.
  2. Asexual reproduction requires one parent and produces genetically identical offspring, resulting in no genetic variation.
• What is the type of cell division involved in asexual reproduction?

  Mitosis
• Why is there variation in the offspring of sexual reproduction?

  Due to the mixing of chromosomes from parents
• What is the advantage of asexual reproduction regarding energy?

  It uses less energy than sexual reproduction
• What is the advantage of producing many identical offspring in favorable conditions?

  It increases the chances of survival
• What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

  • Produces genetic variation
  • Increases survival chances in changing environments
  • Allows for natural selection and selective breeding
• What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

  • Requires only one parent
  • Uses less energy
  • Faster reproduction
  • Can produce many identical offspring in favorable conditions
• What organisms can reproduce by both sexual and asexual methods?

  • Malaria parasite
  • Many species of fungi
  • Various plant species (e.g., strawberries)