Mutations

• What are changes to the DNA base sequence called?

  Mutations
• What do mutations change in an organism?

  The genetic code
• Can a gene occasionally mutate?

  Yes, occasionally a gene may mutate
• What is a mutation?

  A random change in an organism's DNA
• How can mutations be inherited?

  They can sometimes be inherited
• How do mutations occur?

  Mutations occur spontaneously
• What increases the chance of mutations?

  Exposure to certain substances or radiation
• What do mutations change in the DNA sequence?

  The sequence of DNA bases
• What can mutations lead to in proteins?

  Changes in the protein produced
• What is the effect of most mutations on proteins?

  Very little or no effect
• How can some mutations affect protein function?

  They can change the protein's shape
• What happens if the shape of an enzyme's active site changes?

  It may no longer bind to its substrate
• What can structural proteins lose if their shape changes?

  Their strength
• What happens if a mutation occurs in non-coding DNA?

  It can alter gene expression
• What are the different types of mutations?

  Insertions, deletions, and substitutions
• What are insertions in mutations?

  New bases added to the DNA sequence
• What are deletions in mutations?

  Bases removed from the DNA sequence
• What are substitutions in mutations?

  One base replaced by another
• What should you remember about base sequences in DNA?

  They are crucial for genetic coding
• What can mutations in genes lead to?

  Changes in the resulting protein
• What is the effect of most mutations on the protein function?

  Very little or no effect
• What can some mutations do to protein structure?

  Change the protein's shape
• What happens if the shape of an enzyme's active site changes?

  It may no longer bind to its substrate
• What can structural proteins lose if their shape changes?

  Their strength
• What happens if a mutation occurs in non-coding DNA?

  It can alter gene expression
• What are the different types of mutations?

  Insertions, deletions, and substitutions
• What are insertions in mutations?

  New bases added to the DNA sequence
• What are deletions in mutations?

  Bases removed from the DNA sequence
• What are substitutions in mutations?

  One base replaced by another
• What should you remember about base sequences in DNA?

  They are crucial for genetic coding
• What can mutations in genes lead to?

  Changes in the resulting protein
• What is the effect of most mutations on the protein function?

  Very little or no effect
• What can some mutations do to protein structure?

  Change the protein's shape
• What happens if the shape of an enzyme's active site changes?

  It may no longer bind to its substrate
• What can structural proteins lose if their shape changes?

  Their strength
• What happens if a mutation occurs in non-coding DNA?

  It can alter gene expression
• What are the different types of mutations?

  Insertions, deletions, and substitutions
• What are insertions in mutations?

  New bases added to the DNA sequence
• What are deletions in mutations?

  Bases removed from the DNA sequence
• What are substitutions in mutations?

  One base replaced by another