module 4 definitions
Cards (60)
- AlicyclicAn aliphatic compound that is arranged in non-aromatic rings (with or without side chains)
- AliphaticA compound containing carbon and hydrogen atoms joined in straight or branched chains or in non-aromatic rings
- AlkaneA homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2
- AlkylA group with the general formula CnH2n+1
- AromaticAn organic compound containing a benzene ring
- Curly ArrowShows the movement of a pair of electrons. Curly arrows must start from a bond, a lone pair of electrons or a negative charge
- DipoleA partial charge on an atom which is caused by the differing electronegativities of atoms in a covalent bond
- Displayed FormulaThe relative positions of atoms and the bonds between them
- Empirical FormulaThe simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
- Functional GroupA group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
- General FormulaThe simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
- Heterolytic FissionWhen a covalent bond breaks, one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair
- Homologous SeriesA series of organic compounds containing the same functional group with successive members differing by -CH2
- Homolytic FissionWhen a covalent bond breaks, each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonding pair, forming 2 radicals
- IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Molecular FormulaThe number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule
- NomenclatureThe naming system for compounds
- Organic CompoundA carbon-containing compound
- RadicalA species with an unpaired electron
- Reaction MechanismA series of steps that represent the overall reaction by showing the breaking and forming of bonds using curly arrows
- SaturatedAn organic compound which only contains C-C single bonds
- Skeletal FormulaThe simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving the carbon skeleton and the functional groups
- Structural FormulaThe minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
- Structural IsomersCompounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
- UnsaturatedAn organic compound which contains at least one C=C double bond, a C≡C triple bond or an aromatic ring
- σ-bondA type of covalent bond which forms when atomic orbitals overlap head-on. Sigma (σ) bonds can rotate freely
- Boiling PointThe temperature at which a liquid boils and becomes a gas
- Bond EnthalpyThe energy required to break one mole of gaseous bonds
- Complete CombustionWhen a compound is burnt in a plentiful supply of oxygen
- Covalent BondA strong bond formed between 2 atoms due to the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the atomic nuclei
- Electron Pair RepulsionPairs of electrons around a nucleus repel each other so the shape that a molecule adopts has these pairs of electrons positioned as far apart as possible
- HydrocarbonA compound which contains hydrogen and carbon atoms only
- Incomplete CombustionWhen a compound is burnt in a limited supply of oxygen
- InitiationThe first step in a radical substitution mechanism, involving the formation of the radicals
- London ForcesInduced dipole-dipole interactions caused when the random movement of electrons creates a temporary dipole in one molecule which then induces a dipole in a neighbouring molecule
- Polar BondA covalent bond that has a permanent dipole due to the different electronegativities of the atoms that make up the bond
- PropagationThe intermediate steps in a radical substitution mechanism where a radical reacts with another species
- Radical SubstitutionA type of substitution reaction in which a radical replaces another atom/ group of atoms in a compound
- SaturatedAn organic compound which only contains single C-C bonds
- TerminationThe final steps in a radical substitution mechanism in which 2 radicals react together to form a species which only contains paired electrons