Controlling Blood Glucose

• What is blood glucose controlled as part of?

  Homeostasis
• Which two hormones are involved in blood glucose control?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What are the steps involved in controlling blood glucose levels?

  1. Eating foods with carbohydrates increases glucose.
  2. Normal metabolism removes glucose from blood.
  3. Vigorous exercise removes more glucose.
  4. Excess glucose can be stored as glycogen.
  5. Blood glucose levels must be kept steady.
  6. Changes are monitored by the pancreas using hormones.
• What happens when blood glucose levels are too high?

  Insulin is secreted by the pancreas
• What is the role of glucagon in blood glucose control?

  It raises blood glucose levels
• How does vigorous exercise affect blood glucose levels?

  It removes more glucose from the blood
• What can excess glucose be stored as?

  Glycogen
• Why must blood glucose levels be kept steady?

  To maintain homeostasis
• What is the consequence of having too much glucose in the blood?

  It can lead to diabetes
• What is the effect of Type 1 diabetes on insulin production?

  Little or no insulin is produced
• How do people with Type 1 diabetes manage their condition?

  They require insulin therapy
• What is the primary issue in Type 2 diabetes?

  Insulin resistance occurs
• What is a common treatment for Type 2 diabetes?

  Diet and exercise
• How does the pancreas respond to low blood glucose levels?

  It secretes glucagon
• What happens to blood glucose levels after eating carbohydrates?

  They increase due to glucose absorption
• What is the role of the liver in blood glucose control?

  It stores and releases glucose as needed
• What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

  It lowers blood glucose levels
• How does the body ensure glucose is removed quickly after eating?

  Insulin is released to lower levels
• What is the feedback mechanism involved in blood glucose control?

  Negative feedback using insulin and glucagon
• What are the symptoms of high blood glucose levels?

  • Increased thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • Fatigue
  • Blurred vision
• What are the symptoms of low blood glucose levels?

  • Shakiness
  • Sweating
  • Confusion
  • Dizziness
• What lifestyle changes can help manage diabetes?

  • Healthy diet
  • Regular exercise
  • Monitoring blood sugar
  • Medication adherence
• What are the long-term complications of uncontrolled diabetes?

  • Heart disease
  • Kidney damage
  • Nerve damage
  • Vision problems
• What is the importance of monitoring blood glucose levels?

  • Prevents complications
  • Helps manage diabetes effectively
  • Guides treatment decisions
  • Maintains overall health
• When is insulin most likely secreted?

  At meal times throughout the day
• What does the secretion of insulin ensure?

  That glucose is removed from the blood quickly
• What happens to insulin levels after food is digested?

  Insulin levels stop rising
• What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

  It prevents blood glucose levels from getting too high
• What does the amount of insulin needed depend on?

  Diet and activity level
• What should people with Type 1 diabetes consider regarding their diet?

  Limiting intake of simple carbohydrates
• What is a major risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes?

  Being overweight
• How can Type 2 diabetes be controlled?

  By eating a controlled carbohydrate diet
• What role does regular exercise play in diabetes management?

  It helps remove excess glucose from the blood
• How does insulin resistance affect blood sugar levels?

  It causes blood sugar levels to rise
• What can excessive weight lead to in terms of diabetes?

  Increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes
• What is the relationship between insulin production and Type 2 diabetes?

  Insulin production may be normal but ineffective
• What is the significance of the graphs mentioned in the study material?

  They show the relative secretion rates of insulin and glucagon
• What does the term "pancreas" refer to in diabetes management?

  The organ that produces insulin
• What is the confusion regarding the term "pancreas" in the context of diabetes?

  It can refer to both insulin production and secretion
• What are the key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1: Insulin production is absent
  • Type 2: Insulin is produced but ineffective
  • Type 1 usually develops in childhood
  • Type 2 is often associated with obesity