The Nervous System

• What is the primary function of the nervous system in organisms?

  To respond to environmental changes
• How does a single-celled organism respond to its environment?

  It can respond to environmental changes
• How do multicellular organisms communicate with each other?

  • They need to communicate with each other.
  • This communication is essential for survival.
• What systems developed as multicellular organisms evolved?

  Nervous and hormonal communication systems
• What does the nervous system detect and react to?

  Stimuli from the environment
• What does the nervous system enable humans to do?

  React to their surroundings and coordinate behavior
• What are the main components of the central nervous system (CNS)?

  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
• What type of animals have a central nervous system (CNS)?

  Vertebrates with backbones
• How is the CNS connected to the body in mammals?

  By sensory and motor neurons
• What are the roles of sensory neurons in the nervous system?

  • Carry information as electrical impulses
  • Transmit signals from receptors to the CNS
• What are the roles of motor neurons in the nervous system?

  • Carry electrical impulses from the CNS
  • Effectors respond to these impulses
• What do receptors in the nervous system do?

  Detect stimuli
• What types of receptors are mentioned in the study material?

  Taste and sound receptors
• How do receptors and effectors work together in the nervous system?

  • Receptors detect stimuli
  • Effectors respond to nervous impulses
• What do effectors include in the nervous system?

  Muscles and glands
• What is the role of muscles and glands as effectors?

  • Muscles contract in response to impulses
  • Glands secrete hormones in response to impulses
• How do receptors form part of complex organs?

  They detect stimuli for larger organs
• What do effectors do in response to nervous impulses?

  Bring about a change
• How do muscles and glands respond to nervous impulses?

  • Muscles contract
  • Glands secrete hormones
• What are muscles and glands known as in the context of the nervous system?

  Effectors
• What is the relationship between receptors and effectors in the nervous system?

  • Receptors detect stimuli
  • Effectors respond to those stimuli
• What do muscles and glands respond to?

  Nervous impulses
• What is the function of receptors in the nervous system?

  • Detect stimuli
  • Transmit information to the CNS
• How do receptors and effectors contribute to the functioning of complex organs?

  They work together to detect and respond
• What is the role of effectors in the nervous system?

  • Bring about changes in response to stimuli
  • Include muscles and glands
• What do effectors respond to?

  Nervous impulses
• What is the role of effectors?

  They bring about a change
• What are the two types of effectors mentioned?

  • Muscles
  • Glands
• How do muscles respond to nervous impulses?

  They contract in response
• How do glands respond to nervous impulses?

  They secrete hormones
• What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) coordinate?

  The response to stimuli
• What is the function of the CNS?

  It coordinates responses
• What does the CNS receive information from?

  From the receptors
• What does the CNS decide regarding stimuli?

  What to do about it
• How is the response carried out?

  By effectors
• What happens when a small bird is eating seeds?

  It is stimulated by its environment
• What happens when the bird's eye spots a cat?

  It is stimulated to respond
• What are the receptors in the bird's eye responsible for?

  Stimulating the nervous system
• What do sensory neurons do?

  Carry information to the CNS
• What does the CNS decide based on the information received?

  What action to take