Fighting Disease

• What does the human body have to fight disease?

  A pretty sophisticated defense system
• How does the human body stop pathogens from entering?

  It has features that prevent many pathogens
• What acts as a barrier to pathogens in the human body?

  The skin
• What does the skin secrete to kill pathogens?

  Antimicrobial substances
• What traps particles in your nose?

  Hairy and mucous membranes
• What do the trachea and bronchi secrete to trap pathogens?

  Mucus
• How are the trachea and bronchi lined to trap pathogens?

  They are lined with cilia
• What does the stomach produce to kill pathogens?

  Hydrochloric acid
• How does hydrochloric acid help in fighting pathogens?

  It kills pathogens that enter the stomach
• What can your immune system do to pathogens?

  Attack pathogens that enter the body
• What happens when pathogens invade the body?

  Your immune system kicks in to destroy them
• What are the most important cells in the immune system?

  White blood cells
• How do white blood cells travel in the body?

  They travel around in the blood
• What do white blood cells do when they encounter invading microbes?

  They have three lines of attack
• What are the three lines of attack by white blood cells against pathogens?

  1. Consuming the pathogens (phagocytosis)
  2. Producing antibodies to lock onto pathogens
  3. Producing proteins to destroy pathogens
• What is the process called when white blood cells consume pathogens?

  Phagocytosis
• What do antibodies do to pathogens?

  They lock onto pathogens to neutralize them
• What do white blood cells produce to lock onto pathogens?

  Proteins called antibodies
• What happens when white blood cells recognize foreign antigens?

  They start producing antibodies
• What is the term for the process of white blood cells producing antibodies?

  Antibody production
• What do antibodies do once produced?

  They lock onto invading cells
• What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?

  To neutralize and mark pathogens for destruction
• How do antibodies help white blood cells?

  By marking pathogens for destruction
• What is the term for the process of white blood cells engulfing pathogens?

  Phagocytosis
• What happens when white blood cells encounter pathogens they do not recognize?

  They produce antibodies to attack them
• What is the main function of white blood cells?

  To protect the body from pathogens
• How do white blood cells respond to foreign antigens?

  They produce specific antibodies
• What is the role of the immune system in the body?

  To defend against pathogens
• What do white blood cells do when they recognize a pathogen?

  They initiate an immune response
• What is the term for the unique molecules on pathogens?

  Antigens
• What happens when white blood cells encounter foreign antigens?

  They produce antibodies to neutralize them
• What is the process called when white blood cells digest pathogens?

  Phagocytosis
• What do antibodies do to invading pathogens?

  They lock onto them to neutralize
• What is the main role of antibodies in the immune response?

  To neutralize pathogens
• How do antibodies assist in the immune response?

  By marking pathogens for destruction
• What is the term for the process of white blood cells engulfing pathogens?

  Phagocytosis
• What happens when white blood cells encounter pathogens they do not recognize?

  They produce antibodies to attack them
• What is the main function of white blood cells?

  To protect the body from pathogens
• How do white blood cells respond to foreign antigens?

  They produce specific antibodies
• What is the role of the immune system in the body?

  To defend against pathogens