Communicable Disease

• What is the topic discussed in this material?

  Infection and Response
• What is a communicable disease?

  • Diseases that can spread from one person to another
  • Caused by pathogens like bacteria and viruses
  • Can lead to infectious diseases
• What are pathogens?

  Microorganisms that cause disease
• How do pathogens enter the body?

  They enter through various routes
• What types of organisms can be infected by pathogens?

  Both plants and animals
• What are bacteria?

  Very small living cells
• How small are bacteria compared to body cells?

  About 1/100th the size
• How do bacteria reproduce?

  They reproduce rapidly inside the body
• What can bacteria produce that affects health?

  Toxins that damage cells
• What are viruses?

  Not considered living cells
• How do viruses compare in size to bacteria?

  They are much smaller
• How do viruses reproduce?

  Inside living cells of the host
• What happens to cells when viruses reproduce?

  Cells burst, releasing new viruses
• What is the effect of cell damage from viruses?

  It makes you feel ill
• What are the characteristics of protists?

  • Single-celled eukaryotes
  • Diverse types of organisms
  • Some can cause diseases
• What are some types of protists?

  Some are single-celled eukaryotes
• How do parasites affect their hosts?

  They can cause damage to the host
• How are parasites often transferred?

  By vectors like insects
• What are the different shapes of fungi?

  • Some are single-celled
  • Others have a body made of hyphae
  • Can penetrate human skin
• How do fungi affect human health?

  They can cause infections
• What is a common characteristic of fungi?

  They can have different shapes
• How do some fungi penetrate human skin?

  By growing and spreading
• What are the effects of fungal infections?

  • Can cause skin infections
  • May lead to systemic infections
  • Can be difficult to treat
• What is the role of vectors in disease transmission?

  They transfer pathogens to hosts
• How do vectors contribute to the spread of diseases?

  By carrying pathogens from one host to another
• What is the relationship between pathogens and their hosts?

  Pathogens can harm hosts while reproducing
• What is the significance of understanding pathogens?

  It helps in preventing and treating diseases
• What are the different shapes of fungi?

  • Some fungi are single-celled.
  • Others have a body made of hyphae.
• How can hyphae affect human health?

  They can penetrate human skin and cause diseases
• What can hyphae produce that spreads to other organisms?

  Spores
• How can pathogens be spread through water?

  1. Drinking contaminated water
  2. Bathing in contaminated water
  3. Contact with infected surfaces
• What is a common way pathogens can be spread through air?

  By breathing in contaminated droplets
• How can pathogens be spread through direct contact?

  By touching contaminated surfaces
• How does touching contaminated surfaces lead to disease spread?

  It transfers pathogens to the skin or mucous membranes
• What is a common source of fungal infections?

  Contaminated surfaces like shower floors
• How can viruses cause cell damage?

  By infecting and destroying host cells
• What are the main ways pathogens can spread?

  1. Water
  2. Air
  3. Direct contact
• What is the impact of pathogens on plants?

  They can cause diseases in plants
• Why should plants be worried about pathogens?

  Pathogens can lead to significant crop losses
• What is a common way to prevent the spread of pathogens?

  Practicing good hygiene