Equilibria

• At equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
• At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
• What is Le Chatelier's principle?

  Oppose the change
• If the total pressure is increased, the equilibrium shifts to the side with fewer moles of gas
• What happens to the equilibrium when the temperature is increased for an endothermic reaction?

  Shifts to the right
• A negative ΔH indicates an exothermic reaction.
• A catalyst has no effect on the equilibrium position
• What is the purpose of the Haber process?

  Produce ammonia
• Match the factor with its effect on the equilibrium position in the Haber process:

  Increase in pressure ↔️ Shifts right

  Increase in temperature ↔️ Shifts left

  Iron catalyst ↔️ No effect
• Kc is the equilibrium constant in terms of concentrations.
• For the equilibrium aA + bB cC + dD, the expression for Kc is [C]ᶜ[D]ᵈ / [A]ᵃ[B]ᵇ, which is the ratio of products to reactants.
• What does a Kc value significantly less than 1 indicate about the equilibrium position?

  Lies to the left
• The units of Kc are always the same for every reaction.

  False