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A-level Chemistry
Physical
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Cards (10)
Relative Atomic Mass
Σ
(
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
A
b
u
n
d
a
n
c
e
o
f
e
a
c
h
i
s
o
t
o
p
e
X
M
a
s
s
o
f
e
a
x
h
i
s
o
t
o
p
e
)
100
\frac{\Sigma\left(Percentage\ Abundance\ of\ each\ isotope\ X\ Mass\ of\ eaxh\ isotope\right)\ }{100}
100
Σ
(
P
erce
n
t
a
g
e
A
b
u
n
d
an
ce
o
f
e
a
c
h
i
so
t
o
p
e
X
M
a
ss
o
f
e
a
x
h
i
so
t
o
p
e
)
Time of flight Mass Spec
Kinetic Energy
(J) =
1
2
\frac{1}{2}
2
1
x Mass (Kg) x
Speed
2
^2
2
(ms
−
1
^{-1}
−
1
)
Speed (ms
−
1
^{-1}
−
1
) =
\frac{ }{ }
D
i
s
tan
c
e
(
m
)
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
\frac{\ Dis\tan ce\ \left(m\right)}{Time\ \left(s\right)}
T
im
e
(
s
)
D
i
s
t
a
n
ce
(
m
)
\frac{ }{ }
Number of Particles
Moles
x
Avogadro's Constant
Moles
=
M
a
s
s
(
g
)
M
r
\frac{Mass\ \left(g\right)}{Mr}
M
r
M
a
ss
(
g
)
Moles =
Volume
(dm
3
^3
3
) x
Concentration
(mol dm
−
3
^{-3}
−
3
)
Ideal gas equation
Pv
=
nRT
Units of
ideal gas equation
Pressure
= (pa)
Volume
= (m
3
^3
3
)
n =
moles
R =
gas constant
Temperature
= (K)
%
yield
=
A
c
t
u
a
l
y
i
e
l
d
T
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
y
i
e
l
d
\frac{Actual\ yield}{Theoretical\ yield\ }
T
h
eore
t
i
c
a
l
y
i
e
l
d
A
c
t
u
a
l
y
i
e
l
d
x
100
%
yield
=
M
r
o
f
u
s
e
f
u
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
M
r
o
f
t
o
t
a
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
s
\frac{Mr\ of\ useful\ product}{Mr\ of\ total\ producs\ }
M
r
o
f
t
o
t
a
l
p
ro
d
u
cs
M
r
o
f
u
se
f
u
l
p
ro
d
u
c
t
x 100
%
error
=
A
p
p
a
r
a
t
u
s
e
r
r
o
r
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
\frac{Apparatus\ error}{measurement}\
m
e
a
s
u
re
m
e
n
t
A
pp
a
r
a
t
u
s
error
x 100
