Save
A-level Chemistry
Organic
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Share
Learn
Created by
Juv Yasin
Visit profile
Cards (47)
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives all contain a C=O double
bond
View source
Match the compound type with its general formula:
Carboxylic acids ↔️ R-C-OH
Esters ↔️ R-C-OR'
Acyl chlorides ↔️ R-C-Cl
Amides ↔️ R-C-NH₂
View source
The general formula for carboxylic acids is
CnH2nO2
View source
Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point:
1️⃣ Butane
2️⃣ Propan-1-ol
3️⃣ Ethanoic acid
View source
Why is hydrogen bonding stronger than van der Waals forces?
Polarity
View source
Carboxylic acids form dimers due to
hydrogen
bonding.
View source
What makes carboxylic acids with low molecular mass soluble in water?
Hydrogen bonding
View source
An acid is defined as a substance that donates
H+
ions.
View source
Carboxylic acids are strong acids because they fully ionize in solution.
False
View source
Match the reaction type with its products:
Acid + Base ↔️ Salt + Water
Acid + Carbonate ↔️ Salt + Water + CO₂
Acid + Metal ↔️ Salt + Hydrogen
View source
What gas is released when a carboxylic acid reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonate?
Carbon dioxide
View source
The general formula for esters is
CnH2nO2
View source
Match the parent alcohol and acid with the ester name:
Ethanoic acid + Methanol ↔️ Methyl ethanoate
Methanoic acid + Ethanol ↔️ Ethyl methanoate
View source
Esters and carboxylic acids are
functional group
isomers of one another.
View source
What is a common property of esters that makes them useful in perfumes?
Sweet smell
View source
The preparation of esters involves a condensation
reaction
.
View source
Arrange the steps for preparing an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol:
1️⃣ Add alcohol to carboxylic acid
2️⃣ Add conc H₂SO₄ as a catalyst
3️⃣ Heat the mixture
4️⃣ Condensation occurs
View source
What is the definition of hydrolysis in chemistry?
Breaking bonds using water
View source
Acid hydrolysis of an ester produces a carboxylic acid and an
alcohol
.
View source
What are the products of alkaline hydrolysis of an ester?
Carboxylate salt and alcohol
View source
What two types of molecules are combined to form a triglyceride?
Glycerol and fatty acids
View source
Fats are solid at room temperature because they often contain saturated fatty
acids
.
View source
Triglycerides can be hydrolysed under alkaline conditions to form glycerol and
fatty acid
salts.
View source
What is the primary use of the sodium salts of fatty acids formed during triglyceride hydrolysis?
Soaps
View source
What type of compound is biodiesel made from?
Methyl esters
View source
The process used to produce biodiesel is called
transesterification
.
View source
Arrange the steps for manufacturing biodiesel:
1️⃣ React vegetable oils with methanol
2️⃣ Add KOH as a catalyst
3️⃣ Transesterification occurs
4️⃣ Biodiesel and glycerol are formed
View source
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to form
esters
.
View source
What is acylation in chemistry?
Introduction of the acyl group
View source
Compounds with the acyl group in their structure are called
acid derivatives
.
View source
Match the acid derivative with its example:
Acyl chloride ↔️ Ethanoyl chloride
Acid anhydride ↔️ Propanoyl anhydride
View source
The carbonyl bond in
acid derivatives
is polar.
View source
What is a nucleophile in chemistry?
Electron pair donor
View source
Water is a nucleophile that reacts with acid derivatives by donating an electron
pair
View source
Steps in the reaction of an acyl chloride with water:
1️⃣ The nucleophile, water, is added
2️⃣ The double bond in the acyl chloride breaks
3️⃣ A tetrahedral intermediate forms
4️⃣ HCl is eliminated
5️⃣ The double bond reforms
View source
Acyl chlorides react with water to form acidic solutions with a low
pH
.
View source
What does a curly arrow represent in a reaction mechanism?
Movement of electron pair
View source
The reaction mechanism between an acyl chloride and water is called nucleophilic addition-
elimination
View source
Acyl chlorides react with ammonia to form
amides
.
View source
Match the acyl chloride reaction with its product:
Water ↔️ Carboxylic acid
Ammonia ↔️ Amide
Alcohol ↔️ Ester
View source
See all 47 cards