Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

Cards (47)

  • Carboxylic acids and their derivatives all contain a C=O double bond
  • Match the compound type with its general formula:
    Carboxylic acids ↔️ R-C-OH
    Esters ↔️ R-C-OR'
    Acyl chlorides ↔️ R-C-Cl
    Amides ↔️ R-C-NH₂
  • The general formula for carboxylic acids is CnH2nO2
  • Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point:
    1️⃣ Butane
    2️⃣ Propan-1-ol
    3️⃣ Ethanoic acid
  • Why is hydrogen bonding stronger than van der Waals forces?
    Polarity
  • Carboxylic acids form dimers due to hydrogen bonding.
  • What makes carboxylic acids with low molecular mass soluble in water?
    Hydrogen bonding
  • An acid is defined as a substance that donates H+ ions.
  • Carboxylic acids are strong acids because they fully ionize in solution.
    False
  • Match the reaction type with its products:
    Acid + Base ↔️ Salt + Water
    Acid + Carbonate ↔️ Salt + Water + CO₂
    Acid + Metal ↔️ Salt + Hydrogen
  • What gas is released when a carboxylic acid reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonate?
    Carbon dioxide
  • The general formula for esters is CnH2nO2
  • Match the parent alcohol and acid with the ester name:
    Ethanoic acid + Methanol ↔️ Methyl ethanoate
    Methanoic acid + Ethanol ↔️ Ethyl methanoate
  • Esters and carboxylic acids are functional group isomers of one another.
  • What is a common property of esters that makes them useful in perfumes?
    Sweet smell
  • The preparation of esters involves a condensation reaction.
  • Arrange the steps for preparing an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol:
    1️⃣ Add alcohol to carboxylic acid
    2️⃣ Add conc H₂SO₄ as a catalyst
    3️⃣ Heat the mixture
    4️⃣ Condensation occurs
  • What is the definition of hydrolysis in chemistry?
    Breaking bonds using water
  • Acid hydrolysis of an ester produces a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
  • What are the products of alkaline hydrolysis of an ester?
    Carboxylate salt and alcohol
  • What two types of molecules are combined to form a triglyceride?
    Glycerol and fatty acids
  • Fats are solid at room temperature because they often contain saturated fatty acids.
  • Triglycerides can be hydrolysed under alkaline conditions to form glycerol and fatty acid salts.
  • What is the primary use of the sodium salts of fatty acids formed during triglyceride hydrolysis?
    Soaps
  • What type of compound is biodiesel made from?
    Methyl esters
  • The process used to produce biodiesel is called transesterification.
  • Arrange the steps for manufacturing biodiesel:
    1️⃣ React vegetable oils with methanol
    2️⃣ Add KOH as a catalyst
    3️⃣ Transesterification occurs
    4️⃣ Biodiesel and glycerol are formed
  • Carboxylic acids react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to form esters.
  • What is acylation in chemistry?
    Introduction of the acyl group
  • Compounds with the acyl group in their structure are called acid derivatives.
  • Match the acid derivative with its example:
    Acyl chloride ↔️ Ethanoyl chloride
    Acid anhydride ↔️ Propanoyl anhydride
  • The carbonyl bond in acid derivatives is polar.
  • What is a nucleophile in chemistry?
    Electron pair donor
  • Water is a nucleophile that reacts with acid derivatives by donating an electron pair
  • Steps in the reaction of an acyl chloride with water:
    1️⃣ The nucleophile, water, is added
    2️⃣ The double bond in the acyl chloride breaks
    3️⃣ A tetrahedral intermediate forms
    4️⃣ HCl is eliminated
    5️⃣ The double bond reforms
  • Acyl chlorides react with water to form acidic solutions with a low pH.
  • What does a curly arrow represent in a reaction mechanism?
    Movement of electron pair
  • The reaction mechanism between an acyl chloride and water is called nucleophilic addition-elimination
  • Acyl chlorides react with ammonia to form amides.
  • Match the acyl chloride reaction with its product:
    Water ↔️ Carboxylic acid
    Ammonia ↔️ Amide
    Alcohol ↔️ Ester