MOD 5 | ARCHITECTURE

• Architecture is the art and science of designing and planning buildings and other physical structures.
• Combining arts and sciences, architecture is an all-encompassing art.
• A person who practices architecture is called an architect.
• ARCHITECTURAL MATERIALS - Natural Materials – these are naturally occurring materials, such as clay, rocks, wood, lumber, twigs, and leaves.
• ARCHITECTURAL MATERIALS - Manmade Materials – these refer to synthetic materials that are manufactured through human effort such as structural steel and reinforced concrete.
• ARCHITECTURAL MATERIALS - Manmade - Types

  1. Structural Steel – a type of steel used for constructing buildings and it comes in a variety of shapes
  2. Reinforced Concrete - refers to the concrete with steel reinforcement.
• STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS - TYPES

  1. Post and Lintel - a system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them.
  2. Cantilever – a system in which a beam supported at one end and carries a load at the other end or distributed along the unsupported portion.
  3. Truss – a system that takes advantage of the inherent geometric stability of the triangle to evenly distribute weight and to handle changing tension and compression.
• STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS - TYPES

  
  

  4. Arch – a system with curved structure that is used to support bridges, viaducts and with large and domical and vaulted structures. A succession of identical arches is called vault.

  5. Dome – a system with curved-roof structure that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere and covers an enormous amount of space.

  6. Shell Structure = curved plate
• ARCHITECTURAL TYPES - Domestic Architecture = It is produced for the social unit: the individual, family, or clan and their dependents, human and animal.

  • Mabini Shrine belonged to the couple Cecilio del Rosario and Maxima Castaneda-del Rosario to whom Apolinario Mabini was related by affinity. The house was located in Nagtahan, Pandacan, in Manila.
• ARCHITECTURAL TYPES - Religious Architecture = It is concerned with the design and construction of buildings and structures for religious purposes such as shrines (e.g. pagoda), places of worship (e.g. churches, mosques, temples, and synagogues) and funerary monuments and structures (e.g. pyramids).

  • The Church of Saint Augustine, also known as Paoay Church, is a Roman Catholic church in Paoay, Ilocos Norte. Designed by Padre Antonio Estavillo, the church was declared as a National Cultural Treasure.
• ARCHITECTURAL TYPES - Governmental Architecture = It is created based on the expressive functions arising from the ideology of the different systems of government.

  • The Manila City Hall is located in the historic center of Ermita, Manila. Designed by Antonio Toledo
• ARCHITECTURAL TYPES - Architecture of Welfare and Education = It is concerned with the design and planning of buildings for specific purposes of public welfare such as health and educational facilities.

  • Quezon Hall of UP Diliman. It was designed by Juan Nakpil. The building sports an eclectic style, combining different styles into one structure.
• ARCHITECTURAL TYPES - Recreational Architecture = It is produced for enjoyment, pleasure, amusement, and self-cultivation.

  • Tanghalang Maria Makiling designed by Leandro Locsin. Adapted the nipa hut design for this piece.
• ARCHITECTURAL TYPES - Commercial and Industrial Architecture = It is concerned with the design and planning of buildings and structures for business purposes.

  • San Miguel Corporation Building designed by the Manosa Brothers (Manuel, Francisco, and Jose). Design is inspired by the Banaue rice terraces. Landscaping is done by the National Artist for Architecture in 2006, Ildefonso Santos.
• IMPORTANT PEOPLE

  1. Pablo Antonio = Father of Modern Architecture
  2. Leandro Locsin = Poet of space, urban (elusive)
  3. Juan Nakpil = First National Artist for architecture
  4. Ildefonso Santos = Father of PH Landscape Architecture
  5. Jose Maria Zaragoza = 82nd Architect
• ARCHITECTURAL TYPES - Vernacular Architecture = Aims to preserve tradition
• ARCHITECTURAL TYPES - Power Architecture = Shows power e.g. monarch buildings
• ICONIC BUILDINGS & THEIR DESIGNERS

  1. UST Main Building = Roque Runio
  2. Quezon Hall = Juan Nakpil
  3. Nicanor Reyes Hall FEU = Pablo Antonio
  4. National Theatre = Leandro Locsin
  5. Tanghalang Mariang Makiling = Leandro Locsin
  6. San Miguel Corporation = Manosa Brothers (Manuel, Francisco, Jose)
  7. Landscape of San Mig Corp = Ildefonso Santos
  8. Pearl Farm Beach Resort = Francisco Manosa
  9. Green Canyon Resort = Felino Palafox Jr.
• Latin - Architektus

  Greek - Architekton
• Archi - to be the first

  Tecton- mason/builder
• Architect - focuses on the aesthetic principles of design.
• Engineer - focus on science and engineering