Strong and Weak Acids

• What are the two types of acids mentioned?

  Strong acids and weak acids
• How do acids produce protons in water?

  They ionize in aqueous solution to release H⁺
• What happens to strong acids in water?

  They completely ionize to release H⁺ ions
• How do weak acids behave in solution?

  They do not fully ionize in solution
• What is the significance of the equilibrium position in weak acids?

  It lies well to the left in weak acids
• What do reactions of acids involve?

  H⁺ ions reacting with other substances
• If the concentration of H⁺ ions is higher, what happens to the reaction rate?

  The reaction rate will be faster
• How do strong acids compare to weak acids at the same concentration?

  Strong acids are more reactive than weak acids
• What is the general rule for pH and H⁺ concentration?

  pH changes by 1 unit equals a factor of 10 change
• What does a decrease of 1 on the pH scale indicate?

  It indicates a tenfold increase in H⁺ concentration
• How does the pH of a strong acid compare to a weak acid?

  It is always less than that of a weak acid
• What is the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

  • pH is a measure of H⁺ concentration
  • A decrease of 1 in pH means a tenfold increase in H⁺
  • Strong acids have lower pH than weak acids
• What are the characteristics of strong and weak acids?

  Strong Acids:

  • Completely ionize in water
  • Examples: HCl, HNO₃

  
  

  Weak Acids:

  • Partially ionize in water
  • Examples: CH₃COOH, H₂CO₃
• What is the pH of a solution with a concentration of H⁺ ions of 5?

  5
• How does a decrease of 2 on the pH scale affect H⁺ ion concentration?

  It increases by a factor of 100
• What is the general rule for H⁺ ion concentration change?

  Factor H⁺ ion concentration changes by $10^x$
• How does the pH of a strong acid compare to a weak acid with the same concentration?

  Strong acid has a lower pH than weak acid
• What is X in the context of pH?

  The difference in pH
• If pH falls from 7 to 4, what is the difference in pH?

  The difference is 3
• If the pH decreases from 7 to 4, how much has the H⁺ ion concentration increased?

  Increased by $10^3 =$$1000$
• What should not be confused with strong acids?

  Concentrated acids
• What does acid strength indicate?

  • Strength indicates the proportion of acid molecules ionized in water.
  • Strong acids ionize completely.
  • Weak acids ionize partially.
• How does concentration relate to acid strength?

  Higher concentration means more acid molecules present
• What happens to pH with increasing acid concentration?

  pH decreases
• What does a larger amount of acid in a volume of liquid indicate?

  More concentrated acid solution
• Can you have a dilute but strong acid?

  Yes, a dilute strong acid exists
• How does pH change with increasing acid concentration regardless of strength?

  pH will decrease
• What does concentration tell you about dissolved acid molecules?

  It tells the total number of dissolved molecules
• What happens to H⁺ ions if acid is left for a long time?

  H⁺ ions remain in solution
• How do strong acids behave compared to weak acids in terms of H⁺ ions?

  Strong acids release all H⁺ ions
• What is the pH of a solution after adding a strong acid to a weak acid solution of pH 6?

  The pH is 3
• How many times does the concentration of H⁺ ions increase when pH changes from 6 to 3?

  It increases by 1000 times
• What are the key concepts of acid strength and concentration?

  • Acid strength indicates ionization in water.
  • Concentration measures the amount of acid in a volume.
  • Strong acids ionize completely; weak acids do not.