States of Matter

• What are the three states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• How do the states of matter relate to particle arrangement?

  They depend on temperature and pressure
• What model can be used to explain particle behavior in solids?

  Particle theory
• What are the characteristics of solids?

  • Strong forces of attraction between particles
  • Fixed positions, forming a regular lattice arrangement
  • Definite shape and volume
• What happens to particles in solids?

  They vibrate about fixed positions
• How do solids maintain their shape?

  Particles are held closely together
• What are the characteristics of liquids?

  • Weaker forces of attraction than solids
  • Random arrangement of particles
  • Definite volume but no definite shape
• How do particles behave in liquids?

  They move freely past each other
• What allows liquids to flow?

  Particles can move past each other
• What are the characteristics of gases?

  • Very weak forces of attraction
  • Particles are far apart and random
  • No definite shape or volume
• How do particles behave in gases?

  They move freely and rapidly
• What is the effect of temperature on gas particles?

  Higher temperature increases particle movement
• How does pressure affect the states of matter?

  Increased pressure can change states
• What determines the state of matter at a given temperature and pressure?

  • Strength of forces of attraction
  • Arrangement of particles
  • Movement of particles
• What happens to solids when heated?

  They may expand slightly
• How do liquids behave when heated?

  They expand and may flow faster
• What happens to gases when heated?

  They expand and move faster
• What is the relationship between particle movement and temperature in gases?

  • Higher temperature increases movement
  • Lower temperature decreases movement
  • Movement is random and rapid
• What is the behavior of gas particles in a container?

  They travel in straight lines
• How do gas particles interact with each other?

  They have very weak attractions
• How does the arrangement of particles differ among solids, liquids, and gases?

  Solids are fixed, liquids are random, gases are far apart
• What happens to the volume of a gas when it is compressed?

  It decreases significantly
• What is the effect of temperature on the volume of gases?

  Higher temperature increases volume
• How do the properties of gases differ from those of solids and liquids?

  Gases have weak forces and are far apart
• What are the key differences between solids, liquids, and gases?

  • Solids: fixed shape and volume, strong forces
  • Liquids: definite volume, no fixed shape, weaker forces
  • Gases: no definite shape or volume, very weak forces
• What happens to liquids when heated?

  They expand slightly.
• Why do gases have weak attractive forces between particles?

  Because they are free to move and far apart.
• How do particles in gases travel?

  In straight lines.
• What is a characteristic of gases regarding their shape and volume?

  They don't keep a definite shape or volume.
• How do gas particles move?

  Constantly with random motion.
• What happens to gas particles when heated?

  They move faster.
• What happens to gas pressure when the volume decreases?

  It increases.
• What does the particle theory explain about the states of matter?

  It models solids, liquids, and gases.
• What is a limitation of the particle theory?

  It doesn't perfectly describe real particles.
• What are the three states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, gas.
• What do state symbols indicate in chemical equations?

  The physical state of substances.
• What does the symbol (s) represent in a chemical equation?

  Solid state.
• What does the symbol (g) represent in a chemical equation?

  Gas state.
• What does the symbol (l) represent in a chemical equation?

  Liquid state.
• What does an aqueous solution mean?

  Substance dissolved in water.