Allotropes of Carbon

• What are allotropes of carbon?

  Differently structured forms of the same element
• How do allotropes of carbon differ?

  They have different structural forms
• What is diamond known for?

  Being very hard
• What structure does diamond have?

  It has a covalent structure made of carbon
• Why is diamond hard?

  Due to strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms
• What is required to break diamond's covalent bonds?

  A lot of energy is needed
• Does diamond conduct electricity?

  No, it does not conduct electricity
• What does graphite contain?

  Sheets of hexagons of carbon atoms
• How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form in graphite?

  Three covalent bonds
• What is the nature of the bonds between layers in graphite?

  They are weakly held together
• Why is graphite slippery?

  Because layers can move over each other easily
• What is the melting point of graphite like?

  Very high melting point
• How does graphite conduct electricity?

  Through delocalized electrons in layers
• What is graphene?

  A single layer of graphite
• How thick is a graphene sheet?

  Just one atom thick
• What makes graphene strong?

  The network of covalent bonds between carbon atoms
• How does graphene conduct electricity?

  Through delocalized electrons across the structure
• What are fullerene structures?

  Molecules of carbon shaped like closed tubes
• What is the shape of fullerenes?

  Closed tubes or hollow spheres
• What do fullerenes consist of?

  Molecules of carbon
• How do fullerenes differ from graphite?

  Fullerenes are closed structures, graphite is layered
• What is the significance of the structure of fullerenes?

  They have unique properties due to their shape
• What can delocalized electrons conduct through the whole structure?

  Electricity
• What does the presence of delocalized electrons mean for their potential use?

  They can be used in electronics
• What are fullerene structures shaped like?

  • Closed tubes
  • Hollow balls
• What are fullerenes primarily made up of?

  Carbon atoms
• How are carbon atoms arranged in fullerenes?

  In hexagons and pentagons
• What can fullerenes be used to cage?

  Other molecules
• What is a potential application of fullerenes in drug delivery?

  Delivering drugs into the body
• What is a characteristic feature of fullerenes regarding their surface area?

  They have a huge surface area
• How can fullerenes help in industrial catalysis?

  By attaching to fullerene structures
• What can fullerenes form that are very small?

  Nano-tubes
• What is the ratio between the length and diameter of nano-tubes?

  Very high
• What can nano-tubes conduct?

  Electricity and thermal energy
• What is a property of nano-tubes regarding tensile strength?

  They have high tensile strength
• What is the term for technology that uses very small particles?

  Nano-technology
• How can nano-tubes strengthen materials?

  Without adding much weight
• What are the three uses of fullerenes mentioned?

  1. Drug delivery
  2. Industrial catalysis
  3. Strengthening materials
• What should you explain before going on in the Caribbean?

  The properties of all allotropes of carbon
• What is the topic that follows bonding, structure, and properties of matter?

  Bonding, Structure, and Properties of Matter