Covalent Bonding

• What type of bonding do some elements exhibit?

  Covalent bonding
• What do atoms share in covalent bonding?

  Electrons
• What is the result of atoms sharing electrons in covalent bonding?

  They have full outer shells
• What type of atoms typically form covalent bonds?

  Non-metal atoms
• What is the charge of the nuclei of bonded atoms in covalent bonding?

  Positively charged
• What attracts the positively charged nuclei in covalent bonds?

  Shared pairs of electrons
• Why are covalent bonds considered strong?

  Due to electrostatic forces
• What do atoms share in their outer shells?

  Electrons
• How many covalent bonds does each shared pair generally make?

  One covalent bond
• What does having a full outer shell provide to atoms?

  Stability
• In what types of compounds does covalent bonding occur?

  Compounds of non-metals
• What is a method to visually represent covalent bonds?

  Using dot and cross diagrams
• How many outer electrons does nitrogen have?

  Five outer electrons
• What do overlapping outer shells indicate in covalent bonding?

  Shared electrons between atoms
• What do dot and cross diagrams show about atoms?

  Which atoms share electrons
• What do dot and cross diagrams not show about atoms?

  Relative sizes of atoms
• What do three covalent bonds indicate about electrons?

  Three pairs of shared electrons
• What does the displayed formula of ammonia (NH₃) show?

  Covalent bonds as single lines
• What does the displayed formula help illustrate about atoms?

  How atoms are connected
• What do large molecules demonstrate about atoms?

  How they are connected
• What do large molecules not show about atoms?

  3D structure of the molecule
• What is needed to form three covalent bonds?

  Three pairs of electrons
• What does the displayed formula of ammonia (NH₃) represent?

  Single lines for covalent bonds
• What does the displayed formula help show about atoms?

  How they are connected
• What do large molecules illustrate about atoms?

  How they are connected
• What is the significance of the displayed formula of ammonia (NH₃)?

  It shows covalent bonds as single lines
• What do dot and cross diagrams help visualize?

  Shared electrons between atoms
• What do dot and cross diagrams not indicate about atoms?

  Relative sizes of the atoms
• What do three covalent bonds indicate about shared electrons?

  Three pairs of shared electrons
• What does the displayed formula of ammonia (NH₃) illustrate?

  Covalent bonds as single lines
• What do large molecules demonstrate about atoms?

  How they are connected
• What do large molecules not show about atoms?

  3D structure of the molecule
• What is needed to form three covalent bonds?

  Three pairs of electrons
• What does the displayed formula of ammonia (NH₃) represent?

  Single lines for covalent bonds
• What does the displayed formula help show about atoms?

  How they are connected
• What do large molecules illustrate about atoms?

  How they are connected
• What is the significance of the displayed formula of ammonia (NH₃)?

  It shows covalent bonds as single lines
• What do dot and cross diagrams help visualize?

  Shared electrons between atoms
• What do dot and cross diagrams not indicate about atoms?

  Relative sizes of the atoms
• What do three covalent bonds indicate about shared electrons?

  Three pairs of shared electrons