Ionic Bonding

• What is the main topic of the study material?

  Ionic bonding
• What is the purpose of ionic bonding?

  To form compounds by bonding particles together
• What are the three types of bonding mentioned?

  • Ionic
  • Covalent
  • Metallic
• What is ionic bonding characterized by?

  Transfer of electrons between atoms
• What happens when a metal and a non-metal react?

  The metal atom loses electrons to form a positive ion
• What charge does a metal atom acquire in ionic bonding?

  A positive charge
• What charge does a non-metal atom acquire in ionic bonding?

  A negative charge
• How do oppositely charged ions interact?

  They are strongly attracted to each other
• What is the term for the attraction between oppositely charged ions?

  Ionic bond
• What do dot and cross diagrams show in ionic compounds?

  • Arrangement of electrons in atoms
  • Representation of electron transfer
  • Visualization of ionic bonding
• What do the dots and crosses represent in these diagrams?

  Electrons from different atoms
• What does each dot or cross in the diagram indicate?

  An electron in the atom
• What is sodium chloride's chemical formula?

  NaCl
• What happens to the sodium atom in sodium chloride?

  It loses one electron to become Na⁺
• What happens to the chlorine atom in sodium chloride?

  It gains one electron to become Cl⁻
• What is magnesium oxide's chemical formula?

  MgO
• What happens to the magnesium atom in magnesium oxide?

  It loses two electrons to become Mg²⁺
• What happens to the oxygen atom in magnesium oxide?

  It gains two electrons to become O²⁻
• What is calcium chloride's chemical formula?

  CaCl₂
• What happens to the calcium atom in calcium chloride?

  It loses two electrons to become Ca²⁺
• What happens to the chlorine atoms in calcium chloride?

  Each gains one electron to become Cl⁻
• What is the process of ionic bonding in summary?

  1. Metal loses electrons, forming a positive ion.
  2. Non-metal gains electrons, forming a negative ion.
  3. Oppositely charged ions attract each other.
  4. Ionic bond forms, creating a compound.
• What is the chemical formula for sodium oxide?

  Na₂O
• What happens to sodium in sodium oxide?

  It loses two electrons to become Na⁺
• What happens to oxygen in sodium oxide?

  It gains two electrons to become O²⁻
• What is the chemical formula for aluminum oxide?

  Al₂O₃
• What happens to aluminum in aluminum oxide?

  It loses three electrons to become Al³⁺
• What happens to oxygen in aluminum oxide?

  It gains two electrons to become O²⁻
• What are the key characteristics of ionic compounds?

  • High melting and boiling points
  • Conduct electricity when dissolved in water
  • Form crystal lattice structures
• What is the general formula for ionic compounds?

  Metal + Non-metal
• How do ionic compounds behave in solution?

  They conduct electricity when dissolved
• What is the structure of ionic compounds?

  They form crystal lattice structures
• What is the significance of ionic bonding in chemistry?

  It forms stable compounds essential for life
• Why are ionic compounds important in everyday life?

  They are essential for biological functions
• How does ionic bonding differ from covalent bonding?

  Ionic bonding involves electron transfer, covalent involves sharing
• What role do ionic compounds play in chemical reactions?

  They participate in reactions as reactants or products
• What ion does calcium become when it gives up two electrons?

  Ca²⁺
• What happens to the calcium atom when it loses two electrons?

  It becomes a Ca²⁺ ion.
• What ions do chlorine atoms become when they gain electrons?

  Cl⁻
• How many chlorine atoms are involved in forming two Cl⁻ ions?

  Two chlorine atoms.