2.2.1 Restoration of royal authority

• Before Henry II's reign, royal authority in England had deteriorated significantly during the period known as the Anarchy
• What marked the period before Henry II's reign, during which royal authority declined?

  The Anarchy
• Before Henry II's reign, the legal system in England was largely ineffective because local lords dispensed justice
• The royal finances were depleted before Henry II's reign due to continuous conflicts.
• What action did barons take to assert their independence before Henry II's reign?

  Fortified castles
• Before Henry II's reign, territorial control in England was fragmented, with regions controlled by various factions
• Why was it necessary for Henry II to restore royal authority upon his succession?

  The Anarchy decentralized power
• Upon ascending to the throne, Henry II faced the challenge of overcoming the decentralization caused by the Anarchy
• Replenishing depleted royal finances was a key economic challenge for Henry II.
• What type of legal system did Henry II aim to replace to strengthen royal authority?

  Fragmented local justice
• To consolidate territorial control, Henry II needed to unify fragmented regions
• Henry II's reign focused on rebuilding and strengthening royal authority in England.
• What was the state of control over barons before Henry II's reign?

  Weak
• Before Henry II's reign, the crown was weakened and power was decentralized
• What event led to the deterioration of royal authority before Henry II's reign?

  The Anarchy
• The legal system before Henry II was largely ineffective, with local lords dispensing justice.
• Why were royal finances depleted before Henry II's reign?

  Continuous conflicts
• Match the challenge Henry II faced with its description:

  Restoration of Royal Authority ↔️ Overcoming decentralization caused by the Anarchy

  Economic Recovery ↔️ Replenishing depleted royal finances

  Legal Reform ↔️ Re-establishing a unified legal system
• Henry II ascended to the throne in 1154
• What was the economic state of England when Henry II took the throne?

  Depleted royal finances
• Henry II faced the challenge of subjugating independent barons who had fortified castles.
• What type of legal system did Henry II introduce to replace fragmented local justice?

  Common law
• Henry II's legal reforms strengthened royal jurisdiction
• What was the impact of Henry II's reassessment and collection of royal taxes?

  Stabilized royal finances
• Henry II destroyed unlicensed castles to limit baronial power.
• What was the result of Henry II's territorial consolidation efforts?

  Unified royal authority
• Match Henry II's strategy with its impact:

  Legal Reforms ↔️ Improved uniformity and fairness of justice

  Financial Recovery ↔️ Stabilized royal finances

  Control over Barons ↔️ Reinforced king's supremacy
• How did Henry II's legal reforms reduce reliance on local lords?

  Unified legal system
• By destroying unlicensed castles, Henry II reinforced the king's supremacy
• Henry II established unified royal authority by regaining control of regions held by independent lords.
• What was the primary cause of the decline in royal authority before Henry II's reign?

  The Anarchy
• Order Henry II's strategies to restore royal authority based on their focus:

  1️⃣ Legal Reforms

  2️⃣ Financial Recovery

  3️⃣ Control over Barons

  4️⃣ Territorial Consolidation
• What was the main objective of Henry II's legal reforms?

  Uniformity and fairness
• Henry II's financial recovery allowed for investment in infrastructure
• Henry II's territorial consolidation established unified royal authority across England.
• Match the type of reform by Henry II with its description:

  Legal Reforms ↔️ Introduced common law and royal courts

  Financial Reforms ↔️ Collected taxes like scutage

  Military Reforms ↔️ Reorganized the royal army
• What was the objective of Henry II's legal reforms?

  Centralize justice
• Henry II's financial reforms included collecting taxes like scutage
• What was the purpose of Henry II's feudal reforms?

  Ensure barons' allegiance
• Henry II's reign completely eliminated baronial influence in the legal system.

  False