4.3.1 Characteristics of developing economies

• Developing economies are nations with low levels of economic development
• Low GDP per capita is a characteristic of developing economies
• What is a common characteristic of developing economies regarding education and healthcare?

  Limited access
• Developing economies often have inadequate infrastructure
• High poverty rates are a defining feature of developing economies
• What sector is heavily relied upon in developing economies?

  Agriculture
• The informal sector in developing economies is largely unregulated and untaxed, making it part of the hidden economy
• Match the characteristic with its description:

  GDP per capita ↔️ Total GDP divided by population

  Access to Resources ↔️ Limited education and healthcare

  Informal Sector ↔️ Unregulated and untaxed economy

  Poverty Rate ↔️ High percentage living below the poverty line
• Order the socio-economic indicators used to assess a country's development level:

  1️⃣ GDP per capita

  2️⃣ Life Expectancy

  3️⃣ Education Levels

  4️⃣ Infant Mortality Rate

  5️⃣ Poverty Rate
• How is GDP per capita calculated?

  $\text{GDP per capita} =$$\frac{\text{Total GDP}}{\text{Population}}$
• Life expectancy in developing economies is influenced by access to healthcare and nutrition
• The infant mortality rate is calculated per 1,000 live births
• What does the poverty rate indicate in socio-economic terms?

  Percentage below poverty line
• Demographic characteristics, such as birth rates and death rates, shape a country's level of development
• What is the formula for calculating the birth rate?

  \text{Birth Rate} = \frac{\text{Number of Births}}{\text{Population}} \times 1000</latex>
• The population growth rate is calculated annually as a percentage
• Match the country with its population growth rate:

  India ↔️ 1.05%

  China ↔️ 0.43%

  Nigeria ↔️ 2.49%
• What is the formula for calculating the birth rate per 1,000 population?

  $\frac{\text{Number of Births}}{\text{Population}} \times 1000$
• The death rate is calculated as the number of deaths per 1,000
• The population growth rate is calculated as the annual percentage increase in population.
• What is the population growth rate of India?

  1.05%
• Demographic trends significantly impact economic development strategies and policy
• Demographic characteristics have no impact on a country's development level.

  False
• What is the birth rate formula used for demographic comparisons?

  $\frac{\text{Number of Births}}{\text{Population}} \times 1000$
• Match the country with its population growth rate:

  India ↔️ 1.05%

  China ↔️ 0.43%

  Nigeria ↔️ 2.49%
• What characterizes the economic structure of developing economies?

  Primary and informal sectors
• GDP per capita is calculated as total GDP divided by population
• How is value added by a sector calculated?

  Output - intermediate inputs
• Match the sector with its typical contribution to GDP in developing economies:

  Primary ↔️ 20-40%

  Manufacturing ↔️ 15-25%

  Services ↔️ 40-60%
• What is a defining characteristic of developing economies?

  Low levels of development
• Developing economies have unlimited access to education and healthcare.

  False
• What are key socio-economic indicators used to assess a country's development level?

  GDP per capita, life expectancy
• The infant mortality rate is calculated as the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births
• Match the country with its birth rate (per 1,000):

  India ↔️ 17.7

  China ↔️ 11.7

  Nigeria ↔️ 36.8
• What sector do developing economies heavily depend on for employment and GDP?

  Primary sector
• Manufacturing growth and export diversification are optional for economic development in developing economies.

  False
• The primary sector contributes only 2-4% to developed economies but 20-40% to developing economies
• How does corruption impact economic growth in developing economies?

  Reduces investment