1.2.2 Group Properties

• What is a group in the periodic table defined as?

  Vertical columns of elements
• Elements in the same group of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical properties due to the same number of electrons in their outer shell
• Alkali metals have high reactivity because they have one electron in their outer shell.
• Order the alkali metals by increasing reactivity with water:

  1️⃣ Lithium

  2️⃣ Sodium

  3️⃣ Potassium
• How many electrons do alkaline earth metals have in their outer shell?

  Two
• The reactivity of alkaline earth metals decreases down the group.

  False
• Match the halogen with its physical state:

  Fluorine ↔️ Gas

  Bromine ↔️ Liquid

  Iodine ↔️ Solid
• Why does the reactivity of halogens decrease down the group?

  Outer electrons are farther from the nucleus
• Halogens react with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides
• What is the common name for the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table?

  Halogens
• The reactivity of halogens decreases as you move down the group.
• Fluorine and chlorine are gases at room temperature.
• What type of compounds are formed when halogens react with hydrogen?

  Hydrogen halides
• Elements in the same group of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical properties.
• Which group in the periodic table is known as the alkali metals?

  Group 1
• Arrange the following alkali metals in order of increasing reactivity with water: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium

  1️⃣ Lithium

  2️⃣ Sodium

  3️⃣ Potassium
• What color are alkali metals when freshly cut?

  Silvery-white
• Alkali metals react with water to produce hydrogen gas and a hydroxide.
• The reactivity of alkaline earth metals increases as you move down the group.
• Which alkaline earth metal does not react with water?

  Beryllium
• Match the alkaline earth metal with its reactivity with water:

  Magnesium ↔️ Reacts slowly with hot water

  Calcium ↔️ Reacts readily with cold water
• Magnesium reacts with cold water to form hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide.

  False
• Why are noble gases considered inert?

  Filled outer shell
• Noble gases are colorless and odorless at room temperature.
• How many electrons does helium have in its outer shell?

  2
• Noble gases react with other elements under normal conditions.

  False
• What does the group number in the periodic table indicate?

  Valence electrons
• Arrange the following alkali metals in order of increasing melting point: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium

  1️⃣ Lithium

  2️⃣ Sodium

  3️⃣ Potassium
• Melting and boiling points generally increase down a group in the periodic table.