1.2.3 Transition Metals

• What characterizes transition metals in the periodic table?

  Multiple oxidation states
• Transition metals are found in the d-block
• Transition metals can only form one oxidation state.

  False
• Match the property with the group of elements it describes:

  Colored compounds ↔️ Transition Metals

  Low catalytic activity ↔️ Main Group Elements
• What is the primary reason for the variable chemical behavior of transition metals?

  Unpaired d-electrons
• Transition metals have limited oxidation states compared to main group elements.

  False
• What type of compounds do transition metals form that main group elements usually do not?

  Colored compounds
• Transition metals exhibit high catalytic activity, while main group elements have low activity.
• Which group of elements in the periodic table are transition metals located?

  d-block
• Transition metals are found in the s-block of the periodic table.

  False
• What is the location of transition metals in the periodic table?

  d-block
• Transition metals can form multiple oxidation states, while main group elements have limited states.
• What is a characteristic difference between the compounds formed by transition metals and main group elements?

  Colored vs colorless
• The d-block in the periodic table includes Groups 3 to 12.
• Where are transition metals located in the periodic table relative to other groups?

  Between Group 2 and 13
• Iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) are examples of transition metals found in the d-block.
• Arrange the following properties to describe transition metals in contrast to main group elements:

  1️⃣ Multiple oxidation states

  2️⃣ Colored compounds

  3️⃣ High catalytic activity
• Where are transition metals located in the Periodic Table?

  d-block
• Transition metals are found in the same blocks as main group elements.

  False
• Transition metals can form multiple oxidation states due to the availability of electrons in their d-orbitals.
• Transition metal compounds are mostly colorless.

  False
• Which transition metal is used in catalytic converters to reduce air pollutants?

  Platinum
• The filling of d-orbitals in transition metals follows Hund's rule and the Aufbau principle.
• Electrons fill s-orbitals before d-orbitals in transition metals.
• Which two transition metals move one s-electron to their d-orbitals for enhanced stability?

  Chromium and Copper
• Transition metals exhibit more variable chemical behavior compared to main group elements due to unpaired electrons in their d-orbitals.
• Transition metals span from Group 3 to Group 12 in the Periodic Table.
• Match the property of transition metals with its description:

  Variable Oxidation States ↔️ Ability to form multiple oxidation states

  Colored Compounds ↔️ Absorption of light by d-electrons

  Catalytic Activity ↔️ Facilitation of chemical reactions
• Iron can exist as $Fe^{2 + }$ and $Fe^{3 + }$, demonstrating its variable oxidation states.
• Electrons fill d-orbitals before s-orbitals in transition metals.

  False
• Steps to understanding the electronic configuration exceptions in Chromium and Copper:

  1️⃣ Identify the standard electron configuration

  2️⃣ Recognize the stability of half-filled or completely filled d-orbitals

  3️⃣ Move one s-electron to achieve enhanced stability

  4️⃣ Write the new electron configuration
• Transition metals form multiple oxidation states due to the small energy difference between their d-orbitals.
• Surrounding ligands can influence the stability of different oxidation states in transition metal complexes.
• Match the transition metal, oxidation state, and color of its compound:

  Titanium (Ti) ↔️ +3, Purple

  Copper (Cu) ↔️ +2, Blue

  Iron (Fe) ↔️ +3, Yellow
• What are the key characteristics of transition metals?

  Multiple oxidation states, colored compounds, catalysts
• Transition metals are located in the s-block of the Periodic Table.

  False
• Where are transition metals located in the periodic table?

  d-block
• Transition metals can form multiple oxidation states.
• What role do transition metals often play in chemical reactions?

  Catalysts
• Compared to main group elements, transition metals exhibit more variable chemical behavior due to the presence of unpaired electrons in their d-orbitals