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Topic 3: Redox I
3.1 Oxidation and Reduction
3.1.1 Definitions
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What is oxidation in terms of electron transfer?
Loss of electrons
Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons by an atom, molecule, or
ion
In the reaction
2
N
a
(
s
)
⟶
2
N
a
+
(
s
)
+
2Na(s) \longrightarrow 2Na^{ + }(s) +
2
N
a
(
s
)
⟶
2
N
a
+
(
s
)
+
2
e
−
2e^{ - }
2
e
−
, sodium atoms lose electrons.
What is reduction in terms of electron transfer?
Gain of electrons
Reduction is the process of gaining electrons by an atom, molecule, or
ion
In the reaction
C
l
2
(
g
)
+
Cl_{2}(g) +
C
l
2
(
g
)
+
2
e
−
⟶
2
C
l
−
(
a
q
)
2e^{ - } \longrightarrow 2Cl^{ - }(aq)
2
e
−
⟶
2
C
l
−
(
a
q
)
, chlorine atoms gain electrons.
Match the property with the correct process:
Electron Transfer ↔️ Oxidation: Loses electrons, Reduction: Gains electrons
Oxidation State ↔️ Oxidation: Increases, Reduction: Decreases
What is an oxidizing agent in terms of electron transfer?
Gains electrons
An oxidizing agent oxidizes another species by gaining
electrons
In the reaction
4
F
e
(
s
)
+
4Fe(s) +
4
F
e
(
s
)
+
3
O
2
(
g
)
⟶
2
F
e
2
O
3
(
s
)
3O_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)
3
O
2
(
g
)
⟶
2
F
e
2
O
3
(
s
)
, oxygen acts as the oxidizing agent.
What is a reducing agent in terms of electron transfer?
Loses electrons
A reducing agent reduces another species by losing
electrons
In the reaction
2
N
a
(
s
)
+
2Na(s) +
2
N
a
(
s
)
+
C
l
2
(
g
)
⟶
2
N
a
C
l
(
s
)
Cl_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2NaCl(s)
C
l
2
(
g
)
⟶
2
N
a
Cl
(
s
)
, sodium acts as the reducing agent.
Match the property with the correct agent:
Function ↔️ Oxidizing Agent: Oxidizes, Reducing Agent: Reduces
Electron Transfer ↔️ Oxidizing Agent: Gains, Reducing Agent: Loses
Oxidation State ↔️ Oxidizing Agent: Decreases, Reducing Agent: Increases
What is the process defined as the loss of electrons by an atom, molecule, or ion?
Oxidation
In the oxidation of sodium, each sodium atom loses one electron to form a sodium
ion
Oxidation always results in an increase in the
oxidation
state of the species.
What is the process where an atom, molecule, or ion gains electrons?
Reduction
In the reduction of chlorine, each chlorine atom gains one
electron
Reduction results in a decrease in the
oxidation state
of the species.
Match the process with its effect on electron transfer:
Oxidation ↔️ Loses electrons
Reduction ↔️ Gains electrons
What is a substance called that oxidizes another species by gaining electrons?
Oxidizing agent
In the reaction between iron and oxygen, oxygen acts as the
oxidizing
agent.
An oxidizing agent loses electrons and increases its oxidation state.
False
What is a substance called that reduces another species by losing electrons?
Reducing agent
In the reaction between sodium and chlorine, sodium acts as the
reducing
agent.
A reducing agent gains electrons and decreases its oxidation state.
False
What does an oxidation number indicate about an atom in a compound?
Degree of oxidation
Elemental atoms have an oxidation number of
0
.
Oxygen always has an oxidation number of -2 in compounds.
False
What is the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound?
0