2.1.1 Nucleotides

• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• DNA stores the genetic information of an organism
• RNA is typically single-stranded.
• Match the sugar molecule with the correct nucleic acid:

  Deoxyribose ↔️ DNA

  Ribose ↔️ RNA
• What type of bond connects nucleotides in a nucleic acid chain?

  Phosphodiester bond
• The nitrogenous bases in DNA are A, G, C, and T
• Match the nucleotide component with its function:

  Pentose Sugar ↔️ Forms the backbone

  Phosphate Group ↔️ Connects nucleotides

  Nitrogenous Base ↔️ Carries the genetic code
• What is the primary role of DNA?

  Stores genetic information
• DNA has a double-stranded helix structure, while RNA is typically single-stranded
• RNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.

  False
• Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

  Uracil
• The chemical formula for DNA is $(C_{5}H_{10}O_{4})_{n}$, while for RNA it is (C_{5}H_{10}O_{5})_{n}</latex>, highlighting the difference in their sugars
• The chemical formula for DNA is (C_{5}H_{10}O_{4})_{n}
• What is the primary role of DNA?

  Stores genetic information
• DNA is a double-stranded helix
• RNA is typically a double-stranded structure.

  False
• What sugar is found in RNA?

  Ribose
• The nitrogenous base unique to RNA is uracil
• What are the three key components of a nucleotide?

  Pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
• In DNA, the pentose sugar is deoxyribose
• What type of bonds connect nucleotides in a nucleic acid chain?

  Phosphodiester bonds
• Purines have a single-ring structure.

  False
• DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose
• Which nitrogenous base is used in DNA but not in RNA?

  Thymine
• DNA strands exhibit polarity with a 5' phosphate end and a 3' hydroxyl end.
• Steps in the formation of DNA or RNA strands

  1️⃣ Phosphodiester bonds form between nucleotides

  2️⃣ Water molecule is removed

  3️⃣ Linear chain of nucleotides forms
• What is the structure of DNA?

  Double-stranded helix
• RNA is typically a single-stranded molecule
• What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

  Participates in various steps
• The chemical formula for RNA is (C5H10O4)n.

  False
• What is the pentose sugar in DNA?

  Deoxyribose
• To which carbon of the pentose sugar is the phosphate group attached?

  5'
• The nitrogenous base in a nucleotide is attached to the 1' carbon of the sugar.
• Match the component with its function:

  Pentose Sugar ↔️ Forms the backbone

  Phosphate Group ↔️ Connects nucleotides

  Nitrogenous Base ↔️ Carries the genetic code
• The second carbon in ribose has an oxygen atom, while deoxyribose does not.
• What are the two key differences between DNA and RNA nucleotides?

  Pentose sugar and bases
• DNA contains deoxyribose, which has one less oxygen atom compared to ribose in RNA.
• DNA uses thymine (T), while RNA uses uracil (U).
• Steps in the formation of DNA or RNA strands

  1️⃣ 5' phosphate group bonds to 3' hydroxyl group

  2️⃣ Water molecule is removed

  3️⃣ Phosphodiester bond is formed

  4️⃣ Linear chain with polarity is created
• What is the primary function of DNA in genetic information?

  Genetic storage