6.2.1 Naming Organic Compounds

• Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules responsible for characteristic chemical reactions
• What is the prefix for an alcohol functional group?

  Hydroxy-
• An alkene contains a carbon-carbon double bond.
• Match the functional group with its suffix:

  Alcohol ↔️ -ol

  Aldehyde ↔️ -al

  Carboxylic Acid ↔️ -oic acid
• A carboxylic acid has the functional group -COOH
• What is the suffix for an amine functional group?

  -amine
• An alkane has the general structure C-H
• The prefix for an alcohol is Hydroxy-.
• What is the suffix for a ketone functional group?

  -one
• Match the functional group with its prefix:

  Amine ↔️ Amino-

  Ester ↔️ Alkoxycarbonyl-

  Amide ↔️ Carbamoyl-
• What is the suffix for an alkane functional group?

  -ane
• An alcohol has the functional group -OH
• The prefix for a ketone is Oxo-.
• What is the suffix for a carboxylic acid functional group?

  -oic acid
• Steps to determine the parent chain of an organic compound:

  1️⃣ Identify the longest continuous carbon chain

  2️⃣ If two chains have the same length, choose the one with the most functional groups

  3️⃣ Number the carbon chain to give the functional group the lowest possible number
• For the compound CH_{3}CH_{2}CH(OH)CH_{2}CH_{3}</latex>, the parent chain is five carbon atoms long, making it a pentane derivative.
• When numbering the parent chain, the functional group should receive the lowest possible number.
• Steps to number the parent chain of an organic compound:

  1️⃣ Identify the functional group that needs the lowest possible number

  2️⃣ Number the carbon atoms from the end that gives the functional group the smallest number
• What should be prioritized when numbering a parent chain?

  Functional group number
• For the compound $CH_{3}CH_{2}CH(OH)CH_{2}CH_{3}$, numbering from either end gives the -OH group the number 3.
• If there are multiple functional groups, the one with the highest priority receives the lowest number.
• What prefix is used to indicate two identical substituents?

  Di-
• The compound with substituents methyl and chloro is named 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane.
• What is the first step in naming substituents in an organic compound?

  Identify the substituents
• Use prefixes to indicate the number of identical substituents
• Substituents are listed alphabetically by their prefixes (e.g., di-, tri-, tetra-).

  False
• What do numbers from the parent chain indicate in naming substituents?

  Location of substituents
• The compound with substituents Methyl and Chloro is named 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
• Functional groups determine the chemical behavior of organic molecules.
• Match the functional group with its prefix:

  Alcohol ↔️ Hydroxy-

  Aldehyde ↔️ Formyl-

  Ketone ↔️ Oxo-
• An alcohol has the functional group -OH
• What suffix is used for aldehydes?

  -al
• An amine has the functional group -NH_{2}
• Which functional group is present in methanol ($CH_{3}OH$)?


  Alcohol
• The longest continuous carbon chain is always the parent chain.
• If two chains have the same length, choose the one with the most functional groups
• How should the parent chain be numbered to give functional groups the lowest possible number?

  From the end closest to functional group
• The functional group should always be given the lowest possible number in the parent chain.
• Substituents are listed alphabetically
• In 3-ethyl-2-methylhexane, what are the substituents located at carbons 3 and 2?

  Ethyl and Methyl