2.2.1 Semi-Conservative Replication

• DNA replication is crucial for the transmission of genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.
• DNA replication ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions
• Match the components of a nucleotide with their correct description:

  Deoxyribose sugar ↔️ Sugar molecule in DNA

  Phosphate group ↔️ Adds stability to DNA

  Nitrogenous base ↔️ Pairs with complementary base
• Which nitrogenous base pairs with Adenine (A)?

  Thymine (T)
• What are the steps of semi-conservative replication in the correct order?

  1️⃣ Unwinding by helicase

  2️⃣ Priming by primase

  3️⃣ Synthesis by DNA polymerase

  4️⃣ Proofreading by DNA polymerase

  5️⃣ Ligation by DNA ligase
• The enzyme helicase unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds
• Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative?

  Each new molecule has one old and one new strand
• DNA replication maintains genetic continuity by copying DNA accurately.
• Match the nitrogenous bases with their correct pairing:

  Adenine (A) ↔️ Thymine (T)

  Cytosine (C) ↔️ Guanine (G)
• Which enzyme synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication?

  Primase
• What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

  Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• Adenine pairs with Thymine
• Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
• What is the purpose of DNA replication in cell division?

  Make an exact copy of DNA
• What is the name of the DNA replication process where each parent strand serves as a template?

  Semi-conservative replication
• Steps in the semi-conservative replication process

  1️⃣ Unwinding by helicase

  2️⃣ Priming by primase

  3️⃣ Synthesis by DNA polymerase

  4️⃣ Proofreading by DNA polymerase

  5️⃣ Ligation by DNA ligase
• Which enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds in DNA to unwind the double helix?

  Helicase
• In semi-conservative replication, each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand
• DNA polymerase proofreads and corrects errors during DNA replication.
• Match the enzyme with its function in DNA replication:

  Helicase ↔️ Unwinds DNA double helix

  Primase ↔️ Synthesizes RNA primers

  DNA polymerase ↔️ Adds nucleotides to template

  Ligase ↔️ Joins Okazaki fragments
• What are the two types of DNA strands during replication?

  Leading and lagging strands
• The leading strand is synthesized continuously
• Okazaki fragments are formed on the lagging strand.
• What is the purpose of DNA replication in cell division?

  Creates exact DNA copies
• DNA is a double helix consisting of two complementary strands
• Each nucleotide in DNA contains a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
• Match the nitrogenous base with its complementary pair in DNA:

  Adenine ↔️ Thymine

  Guanine ↔️ Cytosine
• Why is semi-conservative replication important for genetic inheritance?

  Ensures accurate transmission of genetic information