3.4.1 Transcription Factors

• Which transcription factor is released upon phosphorylation of IκB?

  NF-κB
• Phosphorylation of p53 enhances its binding to target genes.
• Match the mechanism of transcription factor recruitment with its description:

  DNA-binding specificity ↔️ Transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences

  Cofactor interactions ↔️ Transcription factors interact with other proteins

  Chromatin modifications ↔️ Changes to chromatin structure affect recruitment
• Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to control the rate of transcription
• Activators enhance transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase.
• Repressors inhibit transcription by preventing RNA polymerase from binding
• Match the type of transcription factor with its function:

  Activators ↔️ Enhance transcription

  Repressors ↔️ Inhibit transcription
• Activators promote the recruitment of RNA polymerase to the gene's promoter
• Transcription factors regulate whether a gene is turned on or off.
• What is the function of activators in transcription?

  Enhance transcription
• Repressors prevent RNA polymerase from binding
• Match the type of transcription factor with its effect on RNA polymerase binding:

  Activators ↔️ Promote binding

  Repressors ↔️ Prevent binding
• Repressors directly inhibit RNA polymerase from binding to DNA.
• Activators increase transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase
• What are transcription factors?

  Proteins binding to DNA
• Transcription factors regulate the rate of transcription
• Repressors inhibit transcription by preventing RNA polymerase from binding
• What does RNA polymerase bind to during transcription initiation?

  Gene's promoter region
• Transcription factors typically contain a DNA-binding domain.
• Some transcription factors have additional domains such as an activation or repression domain.
• What might an activation domain of a transcription factor interact with?

  Other proteins
• The DNA-binding domain of a transcription factor recognizes specific DNA sequences.
• Match the domain of a transcription factor with its function:

  DNA-binding domain ↔️ Recognizes specific DNA sequences

  Activation domain ↔️ Enhances transcription

  Repression domain ↔️ Inhibits transcription
• A transcription factor with a DNA-binding domain that recognizes the sequence "ATGCG" will bind to that sequence
• What is the primary function of repressors in transcription?

  Inhibit transcription
• Transcription factors determine whether a gene is turned on or off.
• What is the role of transcription factors in gene expression?

  Regulate rate of transcription
• Activators enhance transcription
• Repressors inhibit transcription.
• The binding of an activator to a specific DNA sequence can initiate transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase.
• What are the two main types of transcription factors?

  Activators and repressors
• Activators promote the recruitment of RNA polymerase
• What is the role of the DNA-binding domain in transcription factors?

  Binds to specific DNA
• Repression domains in transcription factors facilitate their role as repressors.
• The DNA-binding domain of transcription factors recognizes specific DNA sequences
• What is the function of the activation or repression domain in transcription factors?

  Enhance or inhibit transcription
• What is the primary function of the DNA-binding domain in transcription factors?

  Recognizes specific DNA sequences
• Transcription factors with an activation domain act as activators
• The DNA-binding domain of a transcription factor enhances gene transcription.
• The specific structure of transcription factors enables them to regulate gene expression