5.4.1 Evidence for Climate Change

• What does the term 'climate change' refer to?

  A long-term shift
• Climate change is the same as short-term weather fluctuations.

  False
• Climate change is a long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns
• What is solar radiation and its impact on climate?

  Energy from sun, affects temperature
• How do volcanic eruptions affect the climate?

  Release ash, cools Earth
• What role do ocean currents play in climate?

  Redistribute heat globally
• Anthropogenic factors influencing climate include greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and land use changes
• What is the primary impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the climate?

  Global warming and climate change
• Deforestation reduces the planet's ability to absorb carbon dioxide.
• Land use changes such as urbanization affect the albedo of the Earth's surface
• Match the natural factor with its impact on climate:

  Solar Radiation ↔️ Influences global temperature

  Volcanic Eruptions ↔️ Causes temporary cooling

  Ocean Currents ↔️ Redistributes heat
• What is the primary source of energy that influences global temperature?

  Solar radiation
• Volcanic eruptions release ash and gas, which cause cooling
• Which ocean current warms Europe?

  Gulf Stream
• Burning fossil fuels is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions
• What is the impact of deforestation on carbon sinks?

  Reduces carbon sinks
• Land use changes affect both albedo and carbon sequestration.
• The average global temperature has increased by approximately $1.1^\circ C$ since the pre-industrial era.era
• Which process accounts for approximately 50% of sea-level rise?

  Thermal expansion
• Tide gauges measure sea level relative to a fixed point on land
• Atmospheric $CO_{2}$ levels are higher than any time in the past 800,000 years.
• What is the key difference between climate change and weather?

  Long-term shifts vs. short-term fluctuations
• Increased solar radiation always leads to global warming.
• Which ocean current warms Europe?

  Gulf Stream
• The Mount Tambora eruption in 1815 led to a "year without summer.
• What are two major greenhouse gases released by burning fossil fuels?

  $CO_{2}$ and $CH_{4}$
• What are two uses of land that contribute to climate change?

  Urbanization, agriculture
• Altering land cover and management affects carbon sequestration
• Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and methane, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.
• What is the approximate increase in global average temperature since the pre-industrial era?

  $1.1^\circ C$
• Match the period with its key event or trend:

  Pre-Industrial Era ↔️ Baseline temperatures

  Early 20th Century ↔️ Gradual increase

  Late 20th Century ↔️ Significant warming
• The line graph of global temperature trends shows accelerated warming due to greenhouse gas emissions
• What are the two primary causes of sea level rise?

  Thermal expansion, ice melt
• Thermal expansion contributes approximately 50% to sea level rise
• Melting glaciers and ice sheets add large volumes of water to the oceans.
• Order the contributions to sea level rise by their relative impact:

  1️⃣ Thermal expansion

  2️⃣ Melting glaciers and ice sheets
• What are two impacts of sea level rise on coastal environments?

  Flooding, erosion
• Evidence for sea level rise comes from tide gauges and satellite measurements.
• Satellite data has shown a consistent rise in global sea levels over the past few decades
• Match the climate indicator in ice cores with its relevance:

  Temperature ↔️ Past warm and cold periods

  Greenhouse Gases ↔️ Changes in atmospheric composition

  Volcanic Ash ↔️ Volcanic events and their effects