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Topic 12: Acid-Base Equilibria
12.2 pH Scale
12.2.1 Calculating pH
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What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
The formula to calculate pH is
-log_{10}[H+]
The [H+] is measured in
moles per liter
(mol/L).
What is the pH of a solution with [H+] = 1 × 10^{-4} mol/L?
4
A solution with pH 4 is classified as
acidic
Match the pH condition with its example:
Acidic ↔️ Lemon juice
Neutral ↔️ Pure water
Alkaline ↔️ Baking soda solution
What is the range of the pH scale?
0 to 14
pH is defined by hydrogen ion concentration
[H+]
.
The pH formula is
-log_{10}[H+]
What is the pH of a solution with [H+] = 1 × 10^{-4} mol/L?
4
A solution with a pH greater than 7 is
alkaline
.
What does [H+] represent in the pH formula?
Hydrogen ion concentration
If [H+] = 3.2 × 10^{-5} mol/L, the pH is approximately
4.49
Order the pH values from most acidic to most alkaline:
1️⃣ 2.0
2️⃣ 7.0
3️⃣ 12.0
What is the pH of a solution with [H+] = 3.2 × 10^{-5} mol/L?
4.49
The formula for calculating pH is
-log_{10}[H+]
Match the [H+] with its corresponding pH:
[H+] = 1.0 × 10^{-2} mol/L ↔️ pH = 2.0
[H+] = 1.0 × 10^{-7} mol/L ↔️ pH = 7.0
[H+] = 1.0 × 10^{-12} mol/L ↔️ pH = 12.0
What is the pH formula used to calculate pH from [H+]?
p
H
=
pH =
p
H
=
−
l
o
g
10
[
H
+
]
- log_{10}[H + ]
−
l
o
g
10
[
H
+
]
The pH of a solution is calculated by taking the negative logarithm of the
hydrogen ion concentration
.
What is the formula for calculating pH?
p
H
=
pH =
p
H
=
−
l
o
g
10
[
H
+
]
- log_{10}[H + ]
−
l
o
g
10
[
H
+
]
In the pH formula,
[
H
+
]
[H + ]
[
H
+
]
represents the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter
To find the pH, you take the negative base-10 logarithm of the
hydrogen ion concentration
.
What is the pH of a solution with
[
H
+
]
=
[H + ] =
[
H
+
]
=
3.2
×
1
0
−
5
mol / L
3.2 \times 10^{ - 5} \text{ mol / L}
3.2
×
1
0
−
5
mol / L
?
p
H
=
pH =
p
H
=
4.49
4.49
4.49
A pH of 4.49 indicates that the solution is
acidic
.
What is the pH of a solution with
[
H
+
]
=
[H + ] =
[
H
+
]
=
1.0
×
1
0
−
2
mol / L
1.0 \times 10^{ - 2} \text{ mol / L}
1.0
×
1
0
−
2
mol / L
?
p
H
=
pH =
p
H
=
2.0
2.0
2.0
A solution with a pH of 7 is considered
neutral
What is the pH of a solution with [H + ] = 1.0 \times 10^{ - 12} \text{ mol / L}</latex>?
p
H
=
pH =
p
H
=
12.0
12.0
12.0
To calculate
[
H
+
]
[H + ]
[
H
+
]
from pH, you use the formula
[
H
+
]
=
[H + ] =
[
H
+
]
=
1
0
−
p
H
10^{ - pH}
1
0
−
p
H
.
What is the [H + ]</latex> concentration of a solution with a pH of 5?
[
H
+
]
=
[H + ] =
[
H
+
]
=
1
0
−
5
mol / L
10^{ - 5} \text{ mol / L}
1
0
−
5
mol / L
A solution with a pH of 5 has a hydrogen ion concentration of
1
×
1
0
−
5
1 \times 10^{ - 5}
1
×
1
0
−
5
mol/L, indicating it is acidic
Match the pH value with its corresponding
[
H
+
]
[H + ]
[
H
+
]
concentration:
3 ↔️
1.0
×
1
0
−
3
1.0 \times 10^{ - 3}
1.0
×
1
0
−
3
7 ↔️
1.0
×
1
0
−
7
1.0 \times 10^{ - 7}
1.0
×
1
0
−
7
What is the
[
H
+
]
[H + ]
[
H
+
]
concentration of a solution with a pH of 11?
[
H
+
]
=
[H + ] =
[
H
+
]
=
1.0
×
1
0
−
11
mol / L
1.0 \times 10^{ - 11} \text{ mol / L}
1.0
×
1
0
−
11
mol / L
What does a pH of 7 indicate about a solution?
Neutral
What is the pH of a solution with
[
H
+
]
=
[H + ] =
[
H
+
]
=
1
×
1
0
−
3
mol / L
1 \times 10^{ - 3} \text{ mol / L}
1
×
1
0
−
3
mol / L
?
p
H
=
pH =
p
H
=
3
3
3
A solution with a
[
H
+
]
[H + ]
[
H
+
]
of
1
×
1
0
−
7
1 \times 10^{ - 7}
1
×
1
0
−
7
mol/L has a pH of 7 and is considered neutral
The formula for pH is
p
H
=
pH =
p
H
=
−
l
o
g
10
[
H
+
]
- log_{10}[H + ]
−
l
o
g
10
[
H
+
]
.
What is the condition of a solution with a pH of 3?
Acidic
pH calculations are used in
chemistry
for quality control in industries.
In biology, pH calculations are used to maintain optimal conditions in biological
systems
What is the optimal pH range for human blood?
7.35
t
o
7.45
7.35 to 7.45
7.35
t
o
7.45
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