7.4.1 Thermoregulation

• What is the definition of thermoregulation?

  Maintain body temperature
• Humans maintain a body temperature around 37°C despite external temperature changes.
• Thermoregulation maintains a stable body temperature necessary for proper enzyme function
• Order the aspects of thermoregulation by their importance.

  1️⃣ Enzyme Function

  2️⃣ Metabolic Processes

  3️⃣ Health
• Which component of the thermoregulatory system serves as the body's thermostat?

  Hypothalamus
• Sweat glands secrete sweat, which cools the body through evaporation
• Match the components of the thermoregulatory system with their roles.

  Hypothalamus ↔️ Body's thermostat

  Skin ↔️ Regulates heat exchange

  Blood Vessels ↔️ Dilate or constrict

  Sweat Glands ↔️ Produce sweat for cooling
• What are the primary processes that generate heat during exercise?

  Muscle contraction and metabolic rate
• Increased body temperature during exercise can improve muscle elasticity but may lead to fatigue if not regulated.
• Cooling through the evaporation of sweat is called evaporation
• Which heat loss mechanism involves the emission of electromagnetic waves from the skin?

  Radiation
• ATP is broken down during muscle contraction to power movement, releasing heat as a byproduct.
• What happens to metabolic rate during exercise?

  It increases
• Heat generated during exercise improves muscle elasticity and reaction speed.
• Match the heat loss mechanism with its description:

  Radiation ↔️ Loss of heat through electromagnetic waves

  Convection ↔️ Transfer of heat through air or water movement

  Evaporation ↔️ Cooling through sweat evaporation

  Conduction ↔️ Heat transfer through direct contact
• Evaporation cools the body by converting sweat from liquid to a gas.
• What is the primary function of thermoregulation?

  Maintain body temperature
• Enzymes function optimally at a body temperature of 37°C.
• Thermoregulation prevents overheating and hypothermia to ensure proper enzyme function.
• Match the thermoregulatory system component with its role:

  Hypothalamus ↔️ Body's thermostat

  Skin ↔️ Barrier to regulate heat exchange

  Blood Vessels ↔️ Dilate or constrict to control heat loss

  Sweat Glands ↔️ Secrete sweat for cooling
• What are the two primary processes that produce heat during exercise?

  Muscle contraction and metabolic rate increase
• Radiation involves the loss of heat through electromagnetic waves from the skin.
• Evaporative cooling is most effective during intense exercise.
• What is the central role of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?

  Body's thermostat
• The hormones thyroxine and adrenaline regulate metabolic rate and heat production.
• What effect does thyroxine have on body temperature?

  Raises body temperature
• Adrenaline increases metabolic rate during stress or exercise.
• Negative feedback in thermoregulation ensures body temperature returns to a stable range.
• Which component acts as the body's thermostat in feedback mechanisms?

  Hypothalamus
• Order the events of negative feedback when body temperature rises during exercise:

  1️⃣ Hypothalamus monitors rising temperature

  2️⃣ Thermoreceptors detect temperature change

  3️⃣ Hypothalamus stimulates sweating

  4️⃣ Blood vessels dilate to release heat
• Positive feedback in thermoregulation enhances blood clotting during injuries.
• What physiological responses does the hypothalamus stimulate when body temperature rises due to exercise?

  Sweating and vasodilation
• Coagulation factors, proteins in the blood, enhance blood clotting
• In what physiological scenario is positive feedback used in thermoregulation?

  Blood clotting
• Thermoregulation maintains body temperature within a narrow range to ensure enzymes function optimally.
• Thermoregulation maintains a stable body temperature necessary for proper enzyme function
• Match the aspect of thermoregulation with its importance:

  Enzyme Function ↔️ Peak efficiency

  Metabolic Processes ↔️ Efficient chemical reactions

  Health ↔️ Prevents overheating and hypothermia
• Which component of the thermoregulatory system acts as the body's thermostat?

  Hypothalamus
• The skin regulates heat exchange with the environment through hair follicles and adipose tissue.
• Sweat glands secrete sweat, which cools the body through evaporation