7.4.2 Osmoregulation

• What is osmoregulation?

  Controls water and solute concentrations
• Osmoregulation is crucial for maintaining a stable internal environment
• Hormones like ADH ensure homeostasis during dehydration.
• What are the three main regions of the kidney's structure?

  Cortex, medulla, and pelvis
• The kidney maintains fluid balance through selective reabsorption
• Match the kidney region with its function:

  Renal Cortex ↔️ Filtration and reabsorption

  Renal Medulla ↔️ Concentrates or dilutes urine

  Renal Pelvis ↔️ Channels urine to the ureter
• The kidneys play a vital role in osmoregulation by regulating water and solutes.
• Which region of the kidney contains nephrons?

  Renal cortex
• The kidneys play a vital role in osmoregulation by regulating water and solute
• Nephrons are located only in the renal cortex.

  False
• What is the primary function of the nephrons in the kidney?

  Filter blood
• ADH is produced in the hypothalamus
• From which gland is ADH released?

  Posterior pituitary
• ADH increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.
• Steps in ADH action during dehydration

  1️⃣ Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect increased blood solute concentration.

  2️⃣ ADH is released from the posterior pituitary into the bloodstream.

  3️⃣ ADH acts on the collecting ducts of the nephrons.

  4️⃣ Water permeability of the ducts increases.

  5️⃣ Water reabsorption occurs, reducing urine volume.
• Match the osmoregulation process with its body region:

  Fluid Intake ↔️ Thirst mechanism in hypothalamus

  Hormonal Control ↔️ Posterior pituitary (ADH)

  Kidney Filtration ↔️ Nephrons
• The kidneys play a vital role in osmoregulation by regulating water and solute
• Where is ADH stored in the body?

  Posterior pituitary
• ADH release completes a negative feedback loop when blood solute concentration returns to normal.
• During exercise, the body loses water through sweat
• What detects increased blood solute concentration during exercise?

  Osmoreceptors
• Reduced urine output and a more concentrated urine are effects of water reabsorption in the kidneys
• Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect high blood solute concentration.
• The posterior pituitary releases ADH, which increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
• Osmoregulation helps maintain fluid balance during strenuous activity.
• Steps of osmoregulation during exercise

  1️⃣ Water loss through sweat

  2️⃣ Increase in blood solute concentration

  3️⃣ Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus detect changes

  4️⃣ Posterior pituitary releases ADH

  5️⃣ Water reabsorption in kidneys increases

  6️⃣ Reduced urine output and concentrated urine
• Dehydration leads to elevated blood solute concentration
• Osmoregulation maintains a stable internal environment by controlling water and solute concentrations
• ADH is critical for water reabsorption in the kidneys during dehydration.
• Hormonal control in osmoregulation is influenced by ADH from the posterior pituitary
• The functional units of the kidney are the nephrons
• Which region of the kidney contains nephrons?

  Renal cortex
• The kidneys are vital for osmoregulation.
• Steps of ADH release and its effects

  1️⃣ Osmoreceptors detect increased blood solute concentration

  2️⃣ ADH is released into the bloodstream

  3️⃣ ADH increases water permeability of collecting ducts

  4️⃣ Water reabsorption increases

  5️⃣ Urine volume decreases, becomes concentrated
• During exercise, osmoreceptors detect increased blood solute concentration and stimulate the release of ADH
• What is the primary cause of dehydration during exercise?

  Excessive sweating
• Osmoregulation regulates water and salt balance through mechanisms like fluid intake and water output
• ADH ensures water reabsorption in the kidneys to maintain blood solute concentration.