18.2.1 Amino Acids

• What two functional groups are present in all amino acids?

  Amino and carboxyl
• The general structure of an amino acid is represented as R - CH - COOH | NH_{2}</latex>, where R represents the variable side chain.
• Match the component of an amino acid with its description:

  Amino group ↔️ Responsible for basic properties

  Carboxylic acid group ↔️ Responsible for acidic properties

  R-group ↔️ Determines unique properties
• The amino group in an amino acid is derived from ammonia.
• The carboxylic acid group in an amino acid contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
• What determines the specific properties and characteristics of an amino acid?

  R-group
• Arrange the following properties based on the R-group of amino acids:

  1️⃣ Hydrophobicity

  2️⃣ Hydrophilicity

  3️⃣ Acidity

  4️⃣ Basicity
• Each amino acid has a unique R-group that leads to different properties.
• What is the general structure of an amino acid?

  $R - CH(NH_{2}) - COOH$
• The amino group in an amino acid is derived from ammonia
• What chemical formula represents the carboxylic acid group in an amino acid?

  COOH</latex>
• The R-group in an amino acid is the same for all amino acids.

  False
• What determines the specific properties of an amino acid?

  R-group
• Match the group with its chemical formula and description:

  Amino group ↔️ $NH_{2}$ ||| Provides basic properties

  Carboxyl group ↔️ $COOH$ ||| Provides acidic properties

  R-group ↔️ $R$ ||| Determines specific properties
• What property does the amino group contribute to an amino acid?

  Basic
• What property does the carboxyl group contribute to an amino acid?

  Acidic
• The R-group is responsible for classifying amino acids.
• Amino acids are organic compounds containing both an amino group and a carboxylic acid group, and they serve as the building blocks of proteins
• The amino group in an amino acid is derived from ammonia and is responsible for its basic properties.
• The carboxylic acid group in an amino acid contains a carbon double-bonded to oxygen and single-bonded to a hydroxyl
• What determines the specific properties of an amino acid?

  R-group
• The general structure of an amino acid is represented as $R - CH(NH_{2}) - COOH$, where the R-group determines its unique properties
• Match the group with its chemical formula and description:

  Amino group ↔️ $NH_{2}$: Responsible for basic properties

  Carboxyl group ↔️ $COOH$: Responsible for acidic properties

  R-group ↔️ $R$: Determines specific amino acid properties
• Amino acids can be classified based on the properties of their R-groups
• Nonpolar amino acids have hydrophobic R-groups and tend to cluster within proteins.
• Amino acids are amphoteric substances because they can act as both acids and bases
• What type of reaction links amino acids to form peptide bonds?

  Condensation
• Steps in the formation of a peptide bond

  1️⃣ Two amino acids combine

  2️⃣ Water molecule is eliminated

  3️⃣ Peptide bond forms
• The R-group of an amino acid determines its hydrophobicity or acidity.
• The amino group ($NH_{2}$) of an amino acid is responsible for its basic properties
• Polar amino acids can form hydrogen bonds with water and are typically located on the surface of proteins.
• The solubility of amino acids varies based on the polarity of their R-groups.
• A peptide bond forms when two amino acids undergo a condensation reaction to eliminate a molecule of water
• When two amino acids are linked by a peptide bond, they form a dipeptide.