18.3.2 Condensation Polymers

• Condensation polymers are polymers that form when monomers react to create a larger polymer and a small molecule, usually water
• Condensation polymers lose atoms during formation, unlike addition polymers.
• What is the general reaction formula for condensation polymerization?

  $nA +$$nB \rightarrow (AB)_{n} +$$nH_{2}O$
• Match the type of polymerization with its characteristics:

  Condensation ↔️ Monomers react and lose atoms

  Addition ↔️ Monomers add together without losing atoms
• Condensation polymerization is a process where monomers join together to form a larger polymer molecule, accompanied by the release of a small molecule, typically water
• Steps in the process of condensation polymerization:

  1️⃣ Monomer Reaction

  2️⃣ Bond Formation

  3️⃣ By-product Release

  4️⃣ Chain Extension
• Polyamides are formed from the reaction of a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid.
• What is the by-product of polyamide formation?

  Water
• Match the aspect with the type of polymerization:

  By-products present ↔️ Condensation

  Monomers directly add together ↔️ Addition
• Condensation polymers release a small molecule, usually water, during formation.
• Condensation polymers are formed when monomers react and lose atoms, releasing a small molecule such as water
• What is the by-product of condensation polymerization?

  Water
• The general reaction for condensation polymerization is nA + nB \rightarrow (AB)_{n} + nH_{2}O
• Ordering of the reaction for condensation polymerization:

  1️⃣ Monomers react with reactive functional groups

  2️⃣ A covalent bond forms between the monomers

  3️⃣ A small molecule, usually water, is eliminated

  4️⃣ The process repeats to extend the polymer chain
• What is the by-product released during the formation of condensation polymers?

  Water
• Condensation polymers are formed when monomers combine without losing atoms.

  False
• Condensation polymers release a small molecule, usually water
• What type of molecule is released during the formation of condensation polymers?

  Small molecule (water)
• In addition polymerization, monomers combine without losing atoms
• Match the polymer type with its characteristic:

  Condensation ↔️ Monomers lose atoms

  Addition ↔️ Monomers combine without losing atoms
• Steps in the condensation polymerization reaction process:

  1️⃣ Monomers with reactive functional groups combine

  2️⃣ A covalent bond forms between the monomers

  3️⃣ A small molecule, such as water, is eliminated
• Polyamide, like nylon, is formed using diamine and dicarboxylic acid as reactants.
• The by-product of polyamide formation is water
• What is the general equation for the formation of polyamides during condensation polymerization?

  n(NH_{2} - R_{1} - NH_{2}) + n(COOH - R_{2} - COOH) \rightarrow [NH - R_{1} - NH - CO - R_{2} - CO]_{n} + 2nH_{2}O</latex>
• Condensation polymerization requires functional groups on the monomers, while addition polymerization uses unsaturated monomers.
• Which monomers are used to form polyesters?

  Diol and dicarboxylic acid
• Polyesters are formed through the esterification
• The formation of polyesters releases water as a by-product.
• What is the key difference between condensation and addition polymers in terms of atomic composition?

  Condensation polymers lose atoms
• Condensation polymers release water during their formation, while addition polymers do not.
• Condensation polymerization involves the release of a small molecule, typically water
• What is the resulting polymer when diamine and dicarboxylic acid react in condensation polymerization?

  Polyamide
• Condensation polymers require functional groups on monomers, while addition polymers use unsaturated monomers.
• During condensation polymerization, a small molecule, usually water, is eliminated as a by-product.
• Addition polymerization releases small molecules during monomer bonding.

  False
• Which monomers are used to form polyamides?

  Diamine and dicarboxylic acid
• Polyesters are formed from the reaction of a diol and a dicarboxylic acid.
• Polyesters are linked by ester bonds and release water during formation.
• What by-product is released during the formation of polyesters?

  Water
• Polyamides are formed by the reaction of diamine and dicarboxylic acid to create an amide linkage.