CP9 Chromatography

• What is the purpose of chromatography?

  Separating mixture components
• The principles of chromatography involve the separation of a mixture into its components based on their varying affinities to a mobile phase and a stationary phase
• Components with stronger affinity for the stationary phase move faster in chromatography.

  False
• In paper chromatography, what is a common example of the mobile phase?

  Solvent
• The separation in chromatography depends on the difference in affinities to the mobile and stationary phases
• The mobile phase in chromatography carries the mixture through the stationary phase.
• Match the type of chromatography with its stationary phase:

  Paper Chromatography ↔️ Paper

  Thin-Layer Chromatography ↔️ Silica gel or alumina

  Gas Chromatography ↔️ Coated column

  Column Chromatography ↔️ Solid adsorbent
• What gas is commonly used as the mobile phase in gas chromatography?

  Helium
• In a chromatography setup, the stationary phase moves along with the mobile phase.

  False
• Arrange the components of a paper chromatography setup in their order of function:

  1️⃣ Mobile Phase

  2️⃣ Stationary Phase
• The mobile phase in chromatography carries the mixture
• What are the two main components of a chromatography setup?

  Mobile phase and stationary phase
• In paper chromatography, the mobile phase is a solvent
• In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is the paper itself.
• What is the purpose of chromatography?

  To separate and analyze mixtures
• In chromatography, components with higher affinity for the mobile phase move faster
• In chromatography, components with stronger affinity for the stationary phase move slower.
• Match the type of chromatography with its mobile and stationary phases:

  Paper Chromatography ↔️ Liquid and paper

  Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) ↔️ Liquid and silica gel

  Gas Chromatography (GC) ↔️ Gas and liquid or solid
• Which type of chromatography is used to separate plant pigments?

  Paper Chromatography
• What is the mobile phase used in Gas Chromatography (GC)?

  Gas (e.g., helium)
• Outline the steps for performing paper chromatography:

  1️⃣ Prepare the paper and draw a baseline

  2️⃣ Apply the sample mixture to the baseline

  3️⃣ Prepare the solvent in the chromatography jar

  4️⃣ Develop the chromatogram by placing the paper in the jar

  5️⃣ Monitor the solvent movement

  6️⃣ Calculate the Rf value
• What formula is used to calculate the Rf value in chromatography?

  R_{f} = \frac{\text{Distance moved by solute}}{\text{Distance moved by solvent}}</latex>
• What materials can be used as adsorbents in thin-layer chromatography (TLC)?

  Silica gel or alumina
• In the development step of TLC, the sample spots must be above the solvent level
• UV light or chemical staining is used to visualize separated components in TLC.
• What is the formula for calculating the Rf value in chromatography?

  $R_{f} =$$\frac{\text{Distance moved by solute}}{\text{Distance moved by solvent}}$
• In TLC, the glass plate is coated with a thin layer of silica gel or alumina
• Chromatography separates components based on their different affinities to two phases.
• What role does the mobile phase play in chromatography?

  Carries the mixture
• In paper chromatography, the solvent is the mobile phase and the paper is the stationary phase.
• Components with stronger affinity for the stationary phase move faster in chromatography.

  False
• Match the type of chromatography with its mobile and stationary phases:

  Paper Chromatography ↔️ Liquid (solvent) and paper

  Thin-Layer Chromatography ↔️ Liquid (solvent) and silica gel or alumina

  Gas Chromatography ↔️ Gas (e.g., helium) and coated column
• A chromatography setup consists of two main components: the mobile phase and the stationary phase.
• In paper chromatography, the paper serves as the stationary phase.
• What is the role of the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

  Carries the mixture
• The Rf value in paper chromatography is calculated using the formula: R_{f} = \frac{\text{Distance moved by solute}}{\text{Distance moved by solvent}}</latex>, which indicates the relative mobility of the solute.
• In paper chromatography, a baseline is drawn on the paper using a pencil
• In paper chromatography, the baseline must be above the solvent level.
• In paper chromatography, different pigments separate due to their varying affinities to the paper and solvent.
• Steps for performing paper chromatography

  1️⃣ Prepare the paper

  2️⃣ Apply sample

  3️⃣ Prepare solvent

  4️⃣ Develop the chromatogram

  5️⃣ Monitor development

  6️⃣ Calculate Rf value