Network protocols

• What do you need to have when moving data on a network?

  A destination and rules to follow
• What do protocols help prevent when moving data?

  Crashing into anyone else on the road
• What is a network standard?

  A set of agreed requirements for hardware
• Why are standards important for manufacturers?

  They allow creation of compatible products
• What do network protocols define?

  How devices communicate and transmit data
• What do communication protocols specify?

  How communication between two devices starts and ends
• What are the common MAC address characteristics?

  • Unique identifiers for devices on a network
  • Assigned to all network-enabled devices
  • Cannot be changed once assigned
• What are MAC addresses represented as?

  48 or 64-bit binary numbers
• How are MAC addresses made easier to use?

  They are converted into hexadecimal numbers
• What is the primary use of MAC addresses?

  By Ethernet protocols on LANs
• What are the key features of MAC addresses?

  • Unique to each device
  • Assigned by the manufacturer
  • Essential for network communication
• What is the binary MAC address translated into?

  Six hexadecimal numbers
• What is the purpose of a binary MAC address?

  It identifies devices on a network
• Which protocol primarily uses MAC addresses?

  Ethernet protocol
• How do LANs utilize MAC addresses?

  They read MAC addresses to direct data
• What do IP addresses facilitate in networks?

  Data communication between networks
• How are IP addresses assigned?

  Manually or automatically before access
• What are the two versions of IP addresses?

  IPv4 and IPv6
• What is the bit size of IPv4 addresses?

  32 bits
• What is the bit size of IPv6 addresses?

  128 bits
• Why was IPv6 created?

  To accommodate more devices needing addresses
• How many IPv4 addresses are available?

  Over 4 billion
• How are IPv6 addresses structured?

  Split into eight groups of hexadecimal numbers
• What is the purpose of subnetting in IP addresses?

  To divide networks into smaller segments
• How does IPv6 handle address allocation?

  Separates addresses into groups of hexadecimal
• How does IPv4 differ from IPv6 in terms of address space?

  IPv6 has a larger address space than IPv4
• What is a hexadecimal number?

  A base-16 number system
• What is the significance of the hexadecimal format in MAC addresses?

  It simplifies binary representation
• How are MAC addresses formatted?

  As six pairs of hexadecimal digits
• What is the relationship between MAC addresses and IP addresses?

  MAC addresses identify devices; IP addresses identify networks
• What is the purpose of a denary number?

  To represent decimal values
• How is a denary number related to binary conversion?

  It is the base-10 representation of binary
• What is the significance of the hexadecimal number 00100101?

  It represents a specific binary value
• What is the advantage of using hexadecimal over binary?

  It is more compact and easier to read
• What is the purpose of a network address?

  To identify a device on a network
• How do devices communicate using IP addresses?

  By sending data packets to specific addresses
• What is the impact of having more devices on IP address allocation?

  It increases the need for IPv6 addresses
• What is the function of a network switch?

  To direct data traffic within a network
• How does a switch use MAC addresses?

  To forward data to the correct device
• What is the difference between a switch and a router?

  A switch connects devices; a router connects networks