Against

• However, there are many ethical implications of the use of neuroscience to investigate criminality
• Ethical issue - Raines study of identifcation criticism

  • Psychological harm: use of PET scans and CPT task may low self-esteem and participants were medication free for 2 weeks
  • Valid consent: questionable as all NGRI pleads but presumptive was given
• Ethic is the issue of accountability

  • If criminality if biological determined: breach human rights as society may implant early life testing.
  • Using neiroscience as evidence could overshadow other factors like free will leading to unfair sentences
  • Farah: Neurological interventions denies freedom, could be implicit coercion as criminals are vunerable
• In conclusion this does highlight the ethical dilemma of balancing the benefits of neuroscience with the need to facilitate rights