Oral Com.

• According to Joos (1968), there are five speech styles: Intimate, Casual, Consultative, Formal, and Frozen.
• Intimate style is private, occurring between or among close family members or individuals.
• Casual style is common among peers and friends, using jargon, slang, or vernacular language.
• Consultative style is the standard one, requiring professional or mutually acceptable language.
• Formal style is used in formal settings, being one-way like the sermons of priests and ministers or SONA of the president.
• Frozen style is "frozen" in time and remains unchanged, examples include Preamble of the Constitution and Lord's Prayer.
• Speech acts are utterances that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect.
• Functions carried out using speech acts include offering an apology, greeting, and complaint, invitation, compliment, or refusal.
• Speech acts are utterances showing speaker's aim and influence to the listener.
• Speech acts are verbal actions that accomplish something.
• A speech does not start and end by the words alone, we are using gestures and different interpretations.
• An example of a speech act is "Thanks", "Thank you for always being there for me, I really appreciate it."
• Both "Thanks" and "Thank you for always being there for me, I really appreciate it." show appreciation regardless of length of statement.
• Audience analysis in speech writing involves looking into the profile of the target audience to tailor-fit the speech content and delivery.
• Demography in audience analysis includes age range, male-female ratio, educational background, affiliation or degree program taken, nationality, economic status, academic or corporate designations.
• Situation in audience analysis refers to the time, venue, occasion, and size.
• Psychology in audience analysis involves values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies, and needs.
• Purpose in speech writing can be classified into three - to inform, to entertain, or to persuade.
• The body of a speech should only have one central idea.
• Introduction in speech writing is the foundation and primary goal is to get the attention of the audience and present the subject or main idea of the speech.
• Conclusion in speech writing restates the main idea of the speech, provides summary, emphasizes the message, calls for action and leaves the audience with a memorable statement.
• Editing/Revising a written speech involves correcting errors on mechanics, such as grammar, punctuation, capitalization, unity, coherence, and others.
• Stephen Lucas, author of The Art of Public Speaking, suggests keeping words short and simple, avoiding jargon, acronyms, or technical words, making the speech more personal, using active verbs and contractions, being sensitive of the audience, and using metaphors and other figure of speech to effectively convey the point.
• Good delivery in speech means that the speaker is capable and able to present the message clearly, coherently, and interestingly.
• Most audiences prefer delivery that combines a certain degree of formality with the best attributes of good conversation - directness, spontaneity, animation, vocal and facial expressiveness, and a lively sense of communication.