3.2.6.2 Reactions with Bases

• What do Arrhenius bases produce when dissolved in water?

  Hydroxide ions
• Brønsted-Lowry bases behave in proton transfer
• Brønsted-Lowry bases are substances that accept protons
• What is the focus of Arrhenius bases in their definition?

  Composition of substance
• Neutralization reactions form salts and water.


  True
• Which reaction mechanism involves a base removing a proton from an acidic substance?

  Deprotonation
• Match the base definition with its focus:

  Arrhenius bases ↔️ Produce OH- ions

  Brønsted-Lowry bases ↔️ Accept protons
• Neutralization reactions always produce salts and water.


  True
• What ions do acids donate in neutralization reactions?

  H⁺
• In the reaction between metal oxides and water, the metal oxide acts as the base.

  True
• Brønsted-Lowry bases must have a lone pair of electrons to bond with a proton.

  True
• Brønsted-Lowry bases focus on proton transfer reactions.


  True
• What type of reaction occurs when a base reacts with an acid?

  Neutralization
• In neutralization, bases react with acids to form salts and water
• Steps in the reaction mechanisms of bases:

  1️⃣ Hydrolysis

  2️⃣ Deprotonation

  3️⃣ Neutralization
• The equation for the hydrolysis of NaOH is: NaOH(s) + H₂O(l) → Na⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
• Neutralization reactions are a type of double displacement
• What is the equation for the reaction between CuSO₄ and NaOH?

  CuSO₄(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Cu(OH)₂(s) + Na₂SO₄(aq)
• Deprotonation involves a base removing a proton
• Bases react with water through hydrolysis to produce OH- ions.


  True
• The Arrhenius definition of bases focuses on their composition rather than their behavior in reactions.


  True
• What ions are formed when ammonia deprotonates water?

  NH₄⁺ and OH⁻
• What is the equation for the neutralization reaction between NaOH and HCl?

  NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)
• What is the equation for the reaction between CaO and H₂O?

  CaO(s) + H₂O(l) → Ca(OH)₂(aq)
• Match the type of reaction with its products:

  Metal oxide + Base ↔️ Salt + Water

  Metal salt + Base ↔️ Insoluble metal hydroxide + Soluble salt
• What is the definition of an Arrhenius base in terms of ions produced in water?

  Produces hydroxide ions
• What is the reaction mechanism called when a base reacts with water to produce OH- ions?

  Hydrolysis
• Acids donate hydrogen ions (H+), while bases accept protons
• Arrhenius bases produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
• Hydrolysis involves the reaction of bases with water
• The equation for the deprotonation of water by NH₃ is: NH₃(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ NH₄⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
• What is the general equation for the reaction between metal oxides and bases?

  Metal oxide + Base → Salt + Water
• In the reaction between metal salts and bases, the base forms an insoluble metal hydroxide