3.2.6.3 Reactions with Ligands

• In coordinate covalent bonding, ligands donate their electron pairs to the central metal, forming a covalent bond.
• Dative bonding is a special case of coordinate covalent bonding where the ligand donates both electrons in the bond.
• The central metal ion in a complex ion is positively charged.
• The coordination number of a complex ion refers to the number of ligands bonded to the central metal ion.
• In dative bonding, the ligand donates both electrons in the bond.
• The central metal ion in a complex ion is positively charged.


  True
• The coordination number of a complex ion is the number of ligands bonded to the central metal ion.
• Ligands donate electron pairs to the central metal ion in a complex ion.


  True
• The shape of a complex ion is often tetrahedral, octahedral, or square planar.
• What is dative bonding a special case of?

  Coordinate covalent bonding
• Match the bonding type with an example:

  Coordinate Covalent Bonding ↔️ NH₃ bonding to Cu²⁺

  Dative Bonding ↔️ N bonding to B in BF₃
• Match the complex ion with its example:

  Hexaamminecopper(II) ion ↔️ [Cu(NH₃)₆]²⁺

  Hexaaquairon(III) ion ↔️ [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺
• Complex ions can have tetrahedral, octahedral, or square planar shapes.


  True
• Match the bonding type with an example:

  Coordinate Covalent Bonding ↔️ H₂O bonding to Fe³⁺

  Dative Bonding ↔️ O bonding to B in B(OH)₃
• Ligands in complex ions donate their electron pairs to the central metal ion.
• Complex ions are formed when a central metal ion bonds to one or more ligands through coordinate covalent bonding.
• Match the complex ion with its example:

  [Cu(NH₃)₆]²⁺ ↔️ Hexaamminecopper(II) ion

  [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ ↔️ Hexaaquairon(III) ion
• Order the steps involved in forming a complex ion through coordinate bonding:

  1️⃣ Central metal ion accepts electrons

  2️⃣ Ligands donate electron pairs

  3️⃣ Coordinate bonds are created
• Match the bonding mechanism with its description:

  Coordinate Covalent Bonding ↔️ Ligand donates electron pair

  Dative Bonding ↔️ Ligand donates both electrons
• Coordination numbers refer to the number of ligands bonded to the central metal ion.


  True
• What is the coordination number of water as a ligand?

  6
• What is the coordination number of ethylenediamine (en)?

  2
• Describe the process of forming a complex ion:

  1️⃣ Central metal ion accepts electrons

  2️⃣ Ligands donate electron pairs

  3️⃣ Coordinate bonds are created
• Complex ion stability is quantified by the stability constant.
• Complexes with NH₃ are more stable than complexes with H₂O due to higher ligand basicity.


  True
• A complex ion can form an insoluble salt if it reacts with another ion.

  True
• What are ligands defined as?

  Molecules or ions
• In dative bonding, the ligand donates both electrons in the bond.


  True
• How are complex ions formed?

  Coordinate covalent bonding
• What determines the charge of a complex ion?

  Metal ion and ligands
• What is the primary bonding mechanism in complex ions?

  Coordinate covalent bonding
• What type of bonding is involved in the formation of complex ions?

  Coordinate covalent bonding
• What are common shapes of complex ions?

  Tetrahedral, octahedral, square planar
• What is the role of the central metal ion in a complex ion?

  Accepts electrons
• What determines the charge of a complex ion?

  Metal ion and ligands
• In coordinate covalent bonding, ligands donate electron pairs to the central metal.


  True
• In dative bonding, what type of electron donation occurs?

  Both electrons
• What is a common ligand in coordination chemistry?

  A molecule or ion
• Ammonia (NH₃) has a coordination number of 6 as a ligand.


  True
• Coordination numbers refer to the number of ligands that can bind to a metal ion.